AP Psych Midterm Review

An important difference between humanistic and psychoanalytic approaches is that humanistic psychologists believe in the importance of:

• learning

• free will

• determinism

• biological instincts

• unconscious processes

Which perspective is most directly concerned with how the physical properties of the brain influence behaviors and mental states?

• cognitive

• social-cultural

• psychodynamic

• behavioral

• biological

Which perspective would focus on the extent to which different styles of parenting are encouraged among various ethnic communities?

• evolutionary

• cognitive

• psychodynamic

• social-cultural

• biological

Although Paul seems bright and capable to his parents and friends, he has been failing in school. Paul agrees to speak with a psychologist, who suggests that his problems stem from internal processes such as unrealistic expectations and negative thinking. The psychologist's view is typical of which of the following models of behavior?

• psychoanalytic

• humanistic

• cognitive

• sociobiological

• behavioral

Dr. Veenstra conducts basic research on the impact of racial prejudice on behavior. Dr. Veenstra is most likely a(n) _______ psychologist.

• developmental

• clinical

• social

• biological

• industrial-organizational

Who would be most likely to emphasize the role of the unconscious in affecting behavior?

• Ivan Pavlov

• Carl Rogers

• William James

• John B Watson

• Sigmund Freud

When you read a bar graph, it is most important for you to

• understand the concept of the overconfidence effect.

• mentally transform the data into a scatterplot.

• identify the value of the standard deviation.

• note the range and size of the scale values.

• remember that correlation facilitates prediction.

What does the effect size of research findings tell you that statistical significance does not?

• whether or not the result is due to random factors or the experimental treatment

• if the independent variable had an impact on the dependent variable

• if the confounding variables influenced the result of the study

• the magnitude of the finding

• validity of the results

Why are researchers so careful about drawing conclusions regarding statistical significance?

• Statistical significance determines which research method should be used for a hypothesis.

• They want to make sure an observed difference isn't due to chance.

• Statistical significance is primarily a subjective decision, so researchers need to be more careful.

• They need to make sure the results are important.

• Statistical significance is used in case studies, not expectations, so researchers do not have a control group to rely on.

To accurately infer cause and effect, experimenters should use

• random assignment

• naturalistic observation

• standard deviations

• correlation coefficients

• scatterplots