Geologic Processes Quiz Review

Two students are discussing the processes that form the different rocks near mountains and lakes. Which choice below compares the formation of rocks at these locations?

• Mountains push weathered rocks underneath tectonic plates to form sedimentary rocks inside the mantle. Rivers erode igneous rocks over time to form metamorphic rock.

• Sedimentary rock is formed from the heat and pressure in between tectonic plates to form mountains. Rivers deliver weathered rock to lake beds and form igneous rock over long

  periods of time.

• Metamorphic rock is formed by pressure and heat of tectonic plates is then pushed up as

  mountains form. Rivers deliver weathered rocks into lake beds forming sedimentary rock

  as more layers are added.

• Igneous rock is formed by volcanoes releasing magma from the mantle, the rock cools

  and piles up forming a mountain. Rivers direct water to cool magma underground forming

  metamorphic rock under lake beds.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Each year the southern California area has about 10,000 earthquakes. Which of the following best describes why earthquakes are a common occurrence in California?

• The two plates form a transform boundary because earthquakes are caused by plates

  sliding past each other.

• The two plates form a subductive boundary because earthquakes are caused by plates

  sliding past each other.

• The two plates form a transform boundary because earthquakes are caused by the Pacific plate subducting under the North American plate.

• The two plates form a subductive boundary because earthquakes are caused by the

  Pacific plate subducting under the North American plate.

The Mayon Volcano is located on a convergent oceanic-continental boundary which creates a subduction zone. Which option best explains how the interaction between these two plates are able to cause a volcanic eruption?

• The two equally dense tectonic plates collide and both push upward, which causes friction

  to heat up and melt the crust between the two rising plates.

• The two equally dense tectonic plates separate, allowing magma from the crust to flow upward and out of the opening that formed between the two plates.

• The more dense oceanic crust is forced under the less dense continental crust, which

  causes the oceanic crust to heat up, melt and flow upward as magma.

• The less dense oceanic crust is forced under the more dense continental crust, which

  causes the continental crust to heat up, melt and flow upward as magma.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Which of the following options best identifies the benefits and limitations of the model?

• The model includes a path of formation but can be confusing to read.

• The model includes what is needed for rocks to form but not their source.

• The model includes the effects of temperature on rocks and a volcanic eruption.

• The model includes types of rocks but does not give a visual representation of the rocks.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Which of the layers would be described as being thin, rocky, and having the lowest density?

• Layer V

• Layer W

• Layer Y

• Layer Z

Which option best explains how volcanoes are formed on Earth?

• Divergent plates cause mountains to separate, leaving room for magma to enter and

  erupt.

• Water just under the crust heats the magma, moves from the mantle to the bottom of the crust, until pressure increases and it erupts.

• Weathering and erosion carve out an opening at the tops of mountains, which allows magma in the ground to rise and cause eruptions.

• Hot magma in the mantle convects, slowly moving as heat circulates from the core to the surface, pulling or pushing the tectonic plates.

Which option describes how heat and the movement of Earth's tectonic plates contribute to the formation of an ocean basin?

• Heat from the mantle conducts through tectonic plates causing them to melt to form ocean

  basins.

• Heat from the mantle forms convection currents causing the plates to transform and form the ocean basins.

• Heat from the mantle forms convection currents causing the tectonic plates to diverge and

  form ocean basins.

• Heat from the mantle conducts through the tectonic plates causing the plates to converge

  and form ocean basins.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

Heat generated by the core is passed to the mantle by conduction. Which option below best describes how the flow of heat through the mantle affects the movement of the Earth's tectonic plates?

• Heat conducted from the Earth's mantle moves tectonic plates due to the gravitational pull

  from the Earth's core.

• Heat is transferred from the mantle to the crust by radiation, which then causes the plates to move on the surface.

• Heated material in the mantle rises to the surface forming a heated cell, which causes the crust to harden and move the plates.

• Heated material in the mantle expands and rises towards the crust where it then cools,

  forming a convection current, which causes plate motion.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

A group of scientists are studying two tectonic plates. When they analyzed the data, they noticed that the two plates have been pushing against each other over the past ten years.

What option below describes what will most likely occur between the two plates?

• The two plates will slowly subduct causing an earthquake.

• The two plates will quickly diverge forming an ocean basin.

• The plates will slowly converge causing a mountain to form.

• The two plates will quickly transform causing the formation of a canyon.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

Which of the following correctly compares Earth’s inner core and mantle?

• The inner core is thinner than the mantle.

• The inner core is less dense than the mantle.

• The inner core is a liquid and the mantle is a solid.

• The inner core is closer to the crust than the mantle.