Newton's 3rd Law of Motion

A baseball bat hits a baseball with a force of 100 Newtons. What is the force and its direction exerted by the ball on the bat?

• 100 Newtons, same direction

• 100 Newtons, opposite direction

• 200 Newtons, same direction

• 200 Newtons, opposite direction

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According to Newton’s Third Law, if someone jumps off a skateboard, the skateboard will roll backwards because -

• the mass of the skateboard is the same as the mass of the person jumping off.

• the pull of gravity on the person is the same as on the skateboard, regardless of size.

• the air resistance on the person is great and the friction on the skateboard is small.

• for the force that sent the person forward, there is an equal force pushing back on the skateboard.

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The nozzle of a rocket is pointed downward so that as fuel is ignited, the exhaust pushes downward. Why is this arrangement necessary for a rocket to function properly?

• The rocket is protected from the heat of the exhaust.

• Burned fuel can be collected on the ground.

• As fuel is combusted, the rocket pushes the gases backward and the gases push the rocket forward.

• This allows the rocket to be steered properly.

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Newton's third law describes action and reaction forces. A table of four scenarios is provided. Which of the scenarios described in the table show equal and opposite reaction forces?

• The rocket and balloon

• The rocket and train

• The balloon and girl

• The train and girl

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The head of a hammer is often made of steel. This makes the head heavy, which helps create a strong force for driving nails. Steel is also strong. The head of a hammer must be strong to resist what force?

• The force of the air resistance on the moving hammer

• The force of the person using the hammer

• The force of gravity pulling down on the hammer

• The force of the nail pushing in the opposite direction

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A small car and a large truck are traveling at the same speed toward each other. The two vehicles collide. Which of the following best explains the reaction for these vehicles?

• Both vehicles stop with no further motion.

• The truck moves backwards due to its greater mass.

• The car moves backwards due to its lesser mass.

• The car moves forward, pushing the truck, due to different mass.

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If a meteor traveling west strikes a spacecraft with a force of 20,000 N, in what direction and with what force does that spacecraft strike the meteor?

• 20,000 N east

• 20,000 N west

• 0 N east

• 0 N west

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Four students were discussing how Newton’s third law applies to motion of colliding objects. Which student appropriately describes Newton’s third law of motion?

• Saanvi

• Emiliano

• Dakari

• Lin

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A girl is pulling on the handle of a wagon. According to Newton’s third law, the force the girl is applying to the wagon is equal but opposite to the force the wagon is applying to the girl. How can the girl pull the wagon?

• She cannot pull the wagon, because the wagon pulls as hard on the girl as the girl pulls on the wagon.

• The force applied by the girl on the wagon is greater than the friction force between the wagon and the ground.

• The girl pulls the wagon before the wagon has time to react.

• The girl can pull the wagon only if the girl is heavier than the wagon.

Newton’s third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite _____________.

• action

• reaction

• movement

• force

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