Corruption: concepts, types, causes and consequences

Economic theory has developed ___ basic views of corruption.

• 5

• 3

• 2

• 4

“On the Prevention of Corruption” is ___.

• Normative act

• Law

• Decree

• Code

From the point of view of its source, corruption is in most cases, the consequence of rent appropriation. Rent is a factor’s income that is above ___.

• The multiple returns of the factor.

• The compliment returns of the factor.

• The single returns of the factor.

• The competitive returns of the factor.

If corruption is considered endogenous to the political process, corruption is institutionalized and its level and pattern depend on ___, i.e. the political regime in the country

• The social constellation

• The political constellation

• The economic constellation

• The ethnical constellation

There is “state capture” – corruption that is aimed at changing the rules and regulations into rules and regulations that favour _____.

• The interests of the corruptor.

• The interests of the company.

• The interests of the director.

• The interests of the corruptee.

In general, within one or the other theoretical views, three basic types of corruption are identified. The first one is corruption for achieving or speeding-up materialization of some specific right that the citizen or legal entity is entitled to – ____, as suggested by Shleifer and Vishney.

• Corruption with gilt.

• Corruption without gilt.

• Corruption without subject.

• Corruption without theft.

More government regulation ceteris paribus (meaning: ______), results in fewer free-market operations, and therefore more corruption

• Good faith.

• All other things being different.

• Agreement must be kept.

• All other things being equal.

The state model for preventing corruption covers the system-based areas within the framework of which measures are performed to ensure _____.

• The openness, transparency and accountability of state institutions.

• The corporate law and corporate governance.

• The obligations of states.

• The general principles of correct behaviour.

From the enforcement point of view, corruption is a contract.

• True

• False

___ is the intentional non-compliance with the arm’s-length principle aimed at deriving some advantage for oneself or for related individuals from this behaviour.

• Anti-corruption

• Corruption

• State

• Performance