Psychology Final Review

Behaviorists define learning as:

• a relatively permanent change in behavior caused by practice.

• memorizing and recalling specific information.

• what happens when you remember how to perform a certain action or skill.

• when you understand something.

While rapping in the yard, Snoop Dogg was stung by a bee. The sting made him cry. The sting was a:

• reinforcer

• response

• discriminator

• stimulus

In classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus will trigger the:

• neutral stimulus

• conditioned response.

• unconditioned stimulus.

• conditioned stimulus.

In Pavlov's experiments, the dog's salivation triggered by the taste of food was a(n):

• unconditioned response.

• conditioned response.

• unconditioned stimulus.

• conditioned stimulus.

In Pavlov's demonstration of classical conditioning, the tuning fork became the conditioned stimulus because:

• it produced the response of salivation after being paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

• it came after the meat powder.

• it reliably predicted the unconditioned response.

• it produced the salivation response after being paired with the unconditioned response.

After watching coverage of the Olympics on television recently, Eleanor and Hayden have been staging their own "summer games". Which of the following best accounts for their behavior?

• Generalization

• Negative reinforcement

• the Garcia effect

• Observational learning

Chris's care has an annoying buzzer that sounds until the seat belt is snapped into place. Chris always puts on on his seat belt as soon as he gets in the car. He has learned this behavior through:

• punishment.

• negative reinforcement.

• delayed reinforcement.

• positive reinforcement.

The type of learning in which the frequency of a behaviors depends on the consequence that follows that behavior is:

• operant conditioning.

• latent learning.

• classical conditioning.

• cognitive learning.

B.F. Skinner believed our actions are controlled by:

• genetics.

• the ways we think about and interpret the world.

• past conditioning.

• a combination of thinking and our environment.

Taking away something desirable following a behavior is:

• negative reinforcement.

• punishment.

• shaping.

• positive reinforcement.