Principles of Motor learning

1. A process associated with the coordinated contraction of muscles due to the transmission of impulses sent from the motor cortex to its motor units. It is “the process of initiating, directing, and grading purposeful voluntary movement”

• Motor Movement

• Motor Learning

• Motor Control

• NOTA

2. The aim is to reduce the cognitive demand during a skill or task i.e. learning to drive and talk at the same time.

• Motor Movement

• Motor Learning

• Motor Control

• NOTA

3. Is the ability to develop a relatively permanent change in motor skills from novice to skilled performance through practice or experience by engaging in activities that are currently beyond an individual’s capabilities.

• Motor Movement

• Motor Learning

• Motor Control

• NOTA

4. It is when complex processes in the brain occur in response to practice or experience of a skill resulting in changes in the central nervous system that allow for production of a new motor skill.

• Motor Movement

• Motor Learning

• Motor Control

• NOTA

5. Movement is controlled by stimulus-response.

• Motor Program

• Dynamical System

• Heirarchical

• Reflex

6. Adaptive, flexible motor programs (MPs) and generalized motor programs (GMPs) exist to control actions that have common characteristics.

• Motor Program

• Dynamical System

• Heirarchical

• Reflex

7. Patterns of movements self-organize within the

characteristics of environmental conditions and the existing body systems of the individual.

• Motor Program

• Dynamical System

• Heirarchical

• Reflex

8. Movement emerges to control degrees of freedom.

• Motor Program

• Dynamical System

• Heirarchical

• Reflex

9. Cortical center control movement in a top-down manner throughout the nervous system.

• Motor Program

• Dynamical System

• Heirarchical

• Reflex

10. Closed-loop Mode: Sensory feedback is needed and used to control the movement.

• Motor Program

• Dynamical System

• Heirarchical

• Reflex