Unit 5 Review AP Psychology

Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates: 

• functional fixedness.
• the availability heuristic.
• belief perseverance.
• the representativeness heuristic.

A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly attempting to take advantage 

• confirmation bias.
• functional fixedness.
• belief perseverance.
• the representativeness heuristic.

In English, it is appropriate to refer to “a pretty bird,” but not to “a bird pretty.”  This best illustrates the importance of:

• syntax.
• semantics.
• morphemes.
• phonemes.

•Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin’s classic three-stage model of memory includes all of the following, except:

• A. short- term memory

• B. long-term memory

• C. flashbulb memory

• D. sensory memory

•According to the serial position effect, you will remember more:

• A. items at the beginning and end of a list, than in the middle.

• B. items in the middle of a list, than at the beginning and end.

• C. vocabulary words if you process them visually.

• D. vocabulary words if you process them acoustically.

The reason most North Americans cannot accurately describe the head of a penny is due to:

• A. storage decay

• B. encoding failure

• C. motivated forgetting

• D. retrieval failure

A strategy in which the likelihood of an event is estimated on the basis of how easily other instances of the event are available in memory is called the:

• Availability heuristic
• Availability algorithm
• Representativeness heuristic
• Representativeness algorithm

A dessert recipe that gives you the ingredients, their amounts and the steps to follow is an example of a(n):

• Prototype
• Algorithm
• Heuristic
• Mental set

A prototype is a:

• Step-by-step procedure for solving problems
• Mental grouping of similar objects, events or people
• Best example of a particular category
• Simple thinking strategy for solving problems efficiently

Rudy is 6 feet tall, weighs 210 pounds, and is very muscular. If you think that Rudy is more likely to be a basketball player than a computer programmer , you are a victim of:

• Belief bias
• The availability heuristic
• A mental set
• The representativeness heuristic