Decide whether the underlined part in the following sentences is Gerund, Perfect Gerund or Perfect Participle.

She thanked me for having helped her a lot when she was in trouble.

• Gerund

• Perfect gerund

• Past participle

• Perfect participle

Decide whether the underlined part in the following sentences is Gerund, Perfect Gerund or Perfect Participle.

Having smoked cigarettes for years, he was diagnosed with lung cancer.

• Gerund

• Perfect gerund

• Past participle

• Perfect participle

Decide whether the underlined part in the following sentences is Gerund, Perfect Gerund or Perfect Participle.

She always smiles whenever she mentions having met the President of the USA.

• Gerund

• Perfect gerund

• Past participle

• Perfect participle

Decide whether the underlined part in the following sentences is Gerund, Perfect Gerund or Perfect Participle.

My boss is considering investing more money in building new five-star hotels and resorts.

• Gerund

• Perfect gerund

• Past participle

• Perfect participle

Decide whether the underlined part in the following sentences is Gerund, Perfect Gerund or Perfect Participle.

Having missed important lectures on alternative energy, she couldn't finish her oral test on this subject.

• Gerund

• Perfect gerund

• Past participle

• Perfect participle

Choose the sentences that are closest in meaning to the given sentence(s).

Before we came to Lam's party, we had bought some flowers.

• Having came to Lam's party, we bought some flowers.

• Having bought some flowers, we came to Lam's party.

• After we came to Lam's party, we bought some flowers.

Choose the sentences that are closest in meaning to the given sentence(s).

After I had had my dinner, I invited Linda for a walk.

• I invited Linda for a walk. Then, we had dinner.

• Before I had my dinner, I had invited Linda for a walk.

• Having had my dinner, I invited Linda for a walk.

Choose the sentences that are closest in meaning to the given sentence(s).

Since the local authorities had failed to manage water resources efficiently, they had to deal with water shortages.

• The local authorities had to deal with water management and water shortages at the same time.

• Having had to deal with water shortages, the local authorities failed to manage water resources efficiently.

• Having failed to manage water resources efficiently, the local authorities had to deal with water shortages.

Choose the sentences that are closest in meaning to the given sentence(s).

Tom broke his promise to keep my secret. He apologised for that.

• Having broken his promise to keep my secret, he apologises for that.

• Tom apologised to me for having broken his promise to keep my secret.

• When Tom breaks his promise to keep my secret, he apologises for that.

Choose the sentences that are closest in meaning to the given sentence(s).

While the director was guiding us through the museum, he gave us a special explanation.

• Guiding us through the museum, a special explanation was given by the director.

• Guided us through the museum, the director gave us a special explanation.

• A special explanation was given to us while guiding us through the museum. 

• Guiding us through the museum, the director gave us a special explanation.