Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, and Personality

Cylee is thirsty and takes a drink. Her motivation to reduce the need for water is best explained by (the)

• instinct theory

• drive-reduction theory

• achievement motivation

• arousal theory

• hierarchy of needs

Attempts to control social behavior by using the punishing effects of isolation is an example of

• general adaptation syndrome

• the behavior feedback effect

• ostracism

• wanting to belong

• the tend-and-befriend response

Marcelo has a good job, a nice house, and plenty of food. On weekends, he skydives for fun. His weekend behavior is best explained by which of the following theories?

• incentive

• drive-reduction

• instinct

• arousal

• two-factor

When individuals were placed on a semistarvation diet, researchers found that these individuals

• became obsessed with physical activity

• were more interpersonally outgoing

• became more energetic

• were in a state of homeostasis

• lost interest in social activities

Why does further weight loss come slowly following a rapid loss during the initial three weeks of a rigorous diet?

• The number of fat cells makes further weight loss impossible

• When a person’s hunger increases, metabolism increases

• When an obese person’s set point has been reached, weight loss increases dramatically

• The body reacts as if it’s being starved and metabolic rates drop

• An obese person cannot maintain a rigorous weight loss diet

Which of the following is the best biological explanation for why the human body stores fat?

• Fat signals affluence and social status

• Fat is a fuel reserve during periods when food is scarce

• Fat is a display of abundant food sources

• Fat keeps the body warm in winter climates

• Fat combats the global epidemic of diabetes

What do we call a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior?

• incentive

• refractory period

• emotion

• motivation

• instinct

Which of the following actions is a violation of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

• A person who moves to a new city gets an apartment before beginning to make friends

• A very hungry reality show contestant searches for food before trying to win a competition

• A professor spends time socially with her colleagues before she works on her own research

• An artist works to win a local award before spending time on his own personal projects

• An athlete follows a “no pain, no gain” motto rather than stopping for rest and nourishment.

What term refers to the ability of the body’s physiological processes to maintain a balanced or constant internal state?

• hierarchy of needs

• basal metabolic rate

• homeostasis

• instinct

• motivation

A person who eats excessively and never seems to feel full may have which of the following conditions?

• Tumor in the hypothalamus

• Too much insulin

• Stomach ulcer

• Stomach bypass surgery

• Too much of the hormone PYY