NBCOT Anatomy Review

An elderly woman falls and fractures her femoral neck. Which of the following types of synovial joints was involved in the fracture?

• ball-and-socket

• condyloid

• hinge

• plane

A work-related injury results in a weakness against resistance in elevation of the scapula and atrophy of one of the lateral neck muscles. The physician suspects damage to a cranial nerve. Which muscle is most likely affected?

• levator scapulae

• rhomboid major

• erector spinae

• trapezius

A long-distance runner is examined after complaining of pain along the anteromedial aspect of her left leg, extending from just below the knee to just above the ankle. She notices that the pain is especially acute when she pushes off from the ground with the affected limb. Which of the following muscles is most likely affected?

• gastrocnemius

• popliteus

• extensor digitorum longus

• tibialis posterior

A stab injury to the buttocks results in the patient's inability to rise from a seated position without use of his arms, as well as weakness in climbing stairs. A nerve injury is suspected. Which of the following muscles was most likely affected by this stab injury?

• gluteus maximus

• piriformis

• obturator internus

• semitendinosis

A man is seen in the clinic waiting room who enters with a "shuffling" gate and a weakened ability to plantarflex his foot. Which of the following muscles is most likely involved?

• tibialis anterior

• fibularis longus

• tibialis posterior

• semitendinosus

An athlete “pulls her hamstring” when sprinting. Although this muscle is of the posterior compartment of the thigh and does flex the leg at the knee, it is not a true hamstring.

• piriformis

• gluteus medius

• biceps femoris (short head)

• obturator internus

Pain over the lateral knee leads to a common muscle-tendon injury in runners called ITB (iliotibial band) syndrome. Which muscle is affected?

• gracilis

• adductor longus

• tensor fascia latae

• rectus femoris

Weakened flexion of the thigh and abduction at the hip, and flexion of the leg at the kee would suggest an injury affecting this muscle.

• quadratus femoris

• sartorius

• gluteus maximus

• gracilis

During the normal gait cycle, what is the position of the foot as it pushes off the ground prior to beginning the swing phase?

• dorsiflexed

• everted

• inverted

• plantarflexed

A 48-year-old construction worker suffers a knee injury while on the job. When he is examined, it is evident that he has great difficulty unlocking his knee when it is in full extension. Which of the following muscles is most likely involved in this instance?

• adductor magnus

• popliteus

• biceps femoris (short head)

• vastus lateralis