Text Structures

In 1835, James Bowman invented the light bulb, which uses electricity to make light. This invention caused huge changes across the world. In a basic sense, this new and easy way of creating light meant that it was now much easier to perform tasks after dark. As a result of the light bulb, businesses could stay open later. Homes and streets were now better lit for nighttime activity. It also made things safer, as the gaslights that were used before light bulbs could be very dangerous.

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The animal kingdom can be a dangerous place. Bigger animals hunt smaller animals for food. This is a huge problem for the smaller animals. To solve this problem, the prey need to develop ways to outsmart their predators. One amazing defense mechanism that some lizards developed is called autonomy. When attacked, certain lizards can actually detach their tails from their bodies. The tail keeps wagging for several minutes or more, distracting the predator. Meanwhile, the lizard scurries off to safety, solving the lizard’s immediate problem.

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A butterfly's life cycle comes in four stages. First, a butterfly lays its eggs, which take only about five days to hatch. In stage two, a caterpillar emerges from the egg and starts eating everything in sight. When the caterpillar is done growing, it enters stage three and begins making a protective shell called a chrysalis. Inside the chrysalis, the caterpillar turns into a butterfly. In stage four, the chrysalis opens to reveal a beautiful butterfly. Eventually, it lays eggs, and the cycle begins again

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Chefs are hard at work in the kitchen of Village Pizza. One man sings an opera song in Italian as he flings dough in the air again and again. Flour sprinkles about the room like snow flurries as the dough stretches wider and wider with each nimble toss. You can hear a sizzle from the grill. Suddenly, the sweet smell of green peppers fills the room. The restaurant is not busy, but your senses certainly are

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Biking and running are two of the best kinds of exercise. Both are full of health benefits, including keeping your heart healthy and lowering stress. In addition, both are convenient. Often, you can just step out your front door and get going all by yourself. Biking does require a bike, of course, which can get expensive, while running just requires sturdy shoes. Biking, on the other hand, is easier on your body since your joints aren't pounding into the ground with each step.

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A text written in this text structure explains a topic, idea, person, place, or object by listing characteristics, features, and examples that describe it.

• Compare and Contrast

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A text written in this text structure describes an event in the order the events occurred. It may also describe how to do something in ordered steps.

• Problem and Solution

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In this text structure, the author presents a problem and one or more solutions to the problem.

• Problem and Solution

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A text written in this text structure is written in a way that tells the cause or causes of events and their effects.

• Compare and Contrast

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A text written in this text structure explains how two more topics are similar and how they are different.

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• Compare and Contrast

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• Cause and Effect