Industrial Revolution Urbanization and Immigration

The statistics in this table illustrate population changes associated with --

• the rise of industrialization in the United States

• the establishment of a federal income tax

• a prolonged food shortage in the United States

• a lengthy war over disputed territory

Why did slavery become a widespread practice in the United States during the early nineteenth century?

• The system of indentured servitude was banned.

• The need for agricultural labor increased as a result of expanded cotton production.

• Improved transportation systems made it easier for workers to migrate.

• Advancements in technology led to the need for skilled workers.

How did immigrants most contribute to the rapid industrialization of the United States during the early-to-mid 1800s?

• By serving as an inexpensive source of labor

• By raising the money needed for investment

• By introducing skilled craftsmanship in cottage industries

• By designing the methods used to mass produce goods

One result of the trend shown in this table was the --

• expansion of available labor

• creation of specialized trade guilds

• decrease in educational opportunities for women

• increase in production costs for manufacturers

Which factor accounts for this trend?

• The Second Great Awakening motivated people to join reform movements.

• Manifest Destiny inspired many people to become homesteaders.

• Jacksonian Democracy allowed more people to vote in elections.

• The Industrial Revolution encouraged people to pursue jobs in cities.

How did the development of the factory system encourage urbanization?

• Manufacturers produced goods to export overseas.

• Labor unions were formed to protect mill workers.

• Workers moved closer to manufacturing centers.

• Industrialists invested in cotton plantations.

Between 1846 and 1855 the population of Ireland decreased by a third, including the approximately 1.5 million Irish immigrants who left for the United States. What was the primary reason for this migration?

• Massive unemployment resulting from British occupation

• Political unrest during an economic recession

• Famine caused by a major crop failure

• Civil war between Catholics and Protestants

During the early 1800s, many young women in New England were employed outside their homes as --

• crew members on cargo ships

• cloth weavers in textile mills

• staff reporters for local newspapers

• legal counselors in state courts

What was one result of industrialization in the United States during the mid-1800s?

• Sectional differences increased.

• The federal government prohibited immigration.

• Job opportunities decreased.

• Fewer public lands were devoted to transportation.

Which of these occurred during early U.S. industrialization?

• Manufacturers instituted a five-day workweek.

• Labor laws required factories to provide a safe working environment.

• Workers were required to attend schools to develop technical skills.

• Production of goods transitioned from homes to factories.