What were two reasons why people began criticizing the Catholic Church at the time of the Reformation? (select both answers)

• Church officials were often corrupt and greedy

• The Catholic Church separated from the Orthodox Church

• Church officials sold indulgences, exploiting the poor

• The Pope declared war against the Holy Roman Empire.

What was the Protestant Reformation?

• movement to reform the Catholic Church that ended up dividing it

• series of attempts by the Jesuit Order to purify the church

• judicial system that allowed Christians to protest religious practices

• war between Christians and Muslims that changed the Catholic Church

Who was the German monk who spoke out against the church and began the Reformation by writing his Ninety-five Theses?

• William Tyndale

• John Calvin

• Francis of Assisi

• Martin Luther

Who was the French reformer who wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion and spread more radical Protestant beliefs across Europe?

• Jacob Churchill

• Thomas Martin

• John Calvin

• Louis XIII

What Protestant church did King Henry VIII establish in England after he cut ties with the Catholic Church?

• Anglican

• Baptist

• Reformed

• Lutheran

What are two ways the Catholic Church responded to the Protestantism during the Counter-Reformation? (select both answers)

• The Pope tried to convince Protestants to rejoin the Catholic Church.

• The Jesuits spread Catholic beliefs and sought to stop Protestantism.

• The Catholic Church used the Inquisition and banned books to stop heresy.

• The Council of Trent greatly changed Catholic beliefs and practices.

What was one cause of the wars of religion in Europe, including the Thirty Years' War?

• land disputes between the Catholic and Orthodox Churches

• religious tension between Catholics and Protestants

• desire to retake lands conquered by Muslims

• failed kidnapping of the pope by German princes

What was NOT an effect of the War of the Thirty Years' War?

• France became the dominant power.

• Between 4-8 million Europeans were killed.

• German states were strengthened and united into one nation.

• Rulers took on more power, becoming "absolute monarchs."

How did the Peace of Westphalia affect the political organization of Europe?

• resulted in Spain ruling over the rest of Europe

• brought Europe under control of the Catholic Church

• transformed Russia into a major European power

• established Europe as a collection of nation-states

A single ruler who holds all the power in the state and claims to rule by divine right, such as Louis XIV and Peter the Great, is called what?

• Parliamentarian

• Absolute Monarch

• Tsar of Government

• Lord Protector