PH chapter 9

read the text carefully!

The shark, who plays an important role in maintaining ecosystems, is a fish that lives in the sea, particularly in warm waters. Like all fish, sharks breathe through their gills.

There are about 375 species of sharks. The smallest shark is called the dwarf dogfish, less than 20 centimetres long. The huge whale shark can be more than 15 metres long. Sharks usually eat fish and shellfish, but great white sharks sometimes eat seals, dolphins, whales, and other marine mammals.

Sharks are vertebrates, animals with a backbone. However, a shark's skeleton is not made of bone. It is made of a bendable material called cartilage. A shark's teeth are set into its gums. While eating, a shark often loses teeth. But, there are always rows of new teeth growing behind the first set. As a shark loses teeth, new ones move forward to replace them.

question: What is the smallest species of sharks?

• Great White shark.

• Dwarf dogfish.

• Whale shark.

• Bull shark.

read the text carefully!

The shark, who plays an important role in maintaining ecosystems, is a fish that lives in the sea, particularly in warm waters. Like all fish, sharks breathe through their gills.

There are about 375 species of sharks. The smallest shark is called the dwarf dogfish, less than 20 centimetres long. The huge whale shark can be more than 15 metres long. Sharks usually eat fish and shellfish, but great white sharks sometimes eat seals, dolphins, whales, and other marine mammals.

Sharks are vertebrates, animals with a backbone. However, a shark's skeleton is not made of bone. It is made of a bendable material called cartilage. A shark's teeth are set into its gums. While eating, a shark often loses teeth. But, there are always rows of new teeth growing behind the first set. As a shark loses teeth, new ones move forward to replace them.

Q : Where do sharks live?

• In shallow water

• In warm water

• In cold water

• In hot water

read the text carefully!

The shark, who plays an important role in maintaining ecosystems, is a fish that lives in the sea, particularly in warm waters. Like all fish, sharks breathe through their gills.

There are about 375 species of sharks. The smallest shark is called the dwarf dogfish, less than 20 centimetres long. The huge whale shark can be more than 15 metres long. Sharks usually eat fish and shellfish, but great white sharks sometimes eat seals, dolphins, whales, and other marine mammals.

Sharks are vertebrates, animals with a backbone. However, a shark's skeleton is not made of bone. It is made of a bendable material called cartilage. A shark's teeth are set into its gums. While eating, a shark often loses teeth. But, there are always rows of new teeth growing behind the first set. As a shark loses teeth, new ones move forward to replace them.

Q :What is paragraph 3 about?

• The differences and similarities of sharks and fish.

• The physical description of sharks.

• The habitat of sharks.

• The blood of sharks.

read the text carefully!

The shark, who plays an important role in maintaining ecosystems, is a fish that lives in the sea, particularly in warm waters. Like all fish, sharks breathe through their gills.

There are about 375 species of sharks. The smallest shark is called the dwarf dogfish, less than 20 centimetres long. The huge whale shark can be more than 15 metres long. Sharks usually eat fish and shellfish, but great white sharks sometimes eat seals, dolphins, whales, and other marine mammals.

Sharks are vertebrates, animals with a backbone. However, a shark's skeleton is not made of bone. It is made of a bendable material called cartilage. A shark's teeth are set into its gums. While eating, a shark often loses teeth. But, there are always rows of new teeth growing behind the first set. As a shark loses teeth, new ones move forward to replace them.

Q: What happens when a shark loses its tooth?

• A new tooth will replace it.

• The shark will have no tooth.

• There will be a hole in the tooth.

• The shark will not be able to eat

read the text carefully!

The shark, who plays an important role in maintaining ecosystems, is a fish that lives in the sea, particularly in warm waters. Like all fish, sharks breathe through their gills.

There are about 375 species of sharks. The smallest shark is called the dwarf dogfish, less than 20 centimetres long. The huge whale shark can be more than 15 metres long. Sharks usually eat fish and shellfish, but great white sharks sometimes eat seals, dolphins, whales, and other marine mammals.

Sharks are vertebrates, animals with a backbone. However, a shark's skeleton is not made of bone. It is made of a bendable material called cartilage. A shark's teeth are set into its gums. While eating, a shark often loses teeth. But, there are always rows of new teeth growing behind the first set. As a shark loses teeth, new ones move forward to replace them.

Q: What do sharks eat?

• Fish, human beings, shellfish, and whales.

• Fish, vegetables, shellfish, and planktons.

• Fish, shellfish, plankton, and other sharks.

• Fish, shellfish, seals, dolphins, and whales.

read the text carefully!

The shark, who plays an important role in maintaining ecosystems, is a fish that lives in the sea, particularly in warm waters. Like all fish, sharks breathe through their gills.

There are about 375 species of sharks. The smallest shark is called the dwarf dogfish, less than 20 centimetres long. The huge whale shark can be more than 15 metres long. Sharks usually eat fish and shellfish, but great white sharks sometimes eat seals, dolphins, whales, and other marine mammals.

Sharks are vertebrates, animals with a backbone. However, a shark's skeleton is not made of bone. It is made of a bendable material called cartilage. A shark's teeth are set into its gums. While eating, a shark often loses teeth. But, there are always rows of new teeth growing behind the first set. As a shark loses teeth, new ones move forward to replace them.

Q:How do sharks breathe?

• Through their skin.

• Through their gills.

• Through their lungs.

• Through the hole on their head

read the text carefully!

Eucalyptus Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) is a tall evergreen tree native to Australia and Tasmania. The leaves and oil of the eucalyptus plant are used for medicinal purposes. Eucalyptus oil consists of volatile oil extracted from fresh leaves and branch tops of the eucalyptus plant. Topical ointments which contain eucalyptus oil have been used in traditional Aboriginal medicines to heal wounds and fungal infections.

There are many species of eucalyptus. Some are the size of an ornamental shrub and some grow to be giant trees. The type of eucalyptus that is most often used medicinally is called blue gum or Australian fever tree. It can grow as high as 230 feet. Its 4-12 inch leaves are dark green and shiny. Its blue-gray bark peels to reveal a cream-coloured inner bark.

Teas containing eucalyptus leaves were also used to reduce fevers. The therapeutic uses of eucalyptus soon spread to other traditional medicine systems, including Chinese, Indian and Greco-European.

Q :Where is Eucalyptus originally from?

• asia

• africa

• america

• australia

read the text carefully!

Eucalyptus Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) is a tall evergreen tree native to Australia and Tasmania. The leaves and oil of the eucalyptus plant are used for medicinal purposes. Eucalyptus oil consists of volatile oil extracted from fresh leaves and branch tops of the eucalyptus plant. Topical ointments which contain eucalyptus oil have been used in traditional Aboriginal medicines to heal wounds and fungal infections.

There are many species of eucalyptus. Some are the size of an ornamental shrub and some grow to be giant trees. The type of eucalyptus that is most often used medicinally is called blue gum or Australian fever tree. It can grow as high as 230 feet. Its 4-12 inch leaves are dark green and shiny. Its blue-gray bark peels to reveal a cream-coloured inner bark.

Teas containing eucalyptus leaves were also used to reduce fevers. The therapeutic uses of eucalyptus soon spread to other traditional medicine systems, including Chinese, Indian and Greco-European.

Q: What kind of eucalyptus is used for medicine?

• Ornamental shrub.

• Giant trees.

• Blue gum.

• Red fever.

read the text carefully!

Eucalyptus Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) is a tall evergreen tree native to Australia and Tasmania. The leaves and oil of the eucalyptus plant are used for medicinal purposes. Eucalyptus oil consists of volatile oil extracted from fresh leaves and branch tops of the eucalyptus plant. Topical ointments which contain eucalyptus oil have been used in traditional Aboriginal medicines to heal wounds and fungal infections.

There are many species of eucalyptus. Some are the size of an ornamental shrub and some grow to be giant trees. The type of eucalyptus that is most often used medicinally is called blue gum or Australian fever tree. It can grow as high as 230 feet. Its 4-12 inch leaves are dark green and shiny. Its blue-gray bark peels to reveal a cream-coloured inner bark.

Teas containing eucalyptus leaves were also used to reduce fevers. The therapeutic uses of eucalyptus soon spread to other traditional medicine systems, including Chinese, Indian and Greco-European.

Q ; ". . . the volatile oil extracted . . . ." (Paragraph 1) The underlined word means . . . .

• substance that changes quickly

• expensive and valuable plant

• plants used for medicine

• liquid substance

read the text carefully!

Eucalyptus Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) is a tall evergreen tree native to Australia and Tasmania. The leaves and oil of the eucalyptus plant are used for medicinal purposes. Eucalyptus oil consists of volatile oil extracted from fresh leaves and branch tops of the eucalyptus plant. Topical ointments which contain eucalyptus oil have been used in traditional Aboriginal medicines to heal wounds and fungal infections.

There are many species of eucalyptus. Some are the size of an ornamental shrub and some grow to be giant trees. The type of eucalyptus that is most often used medicinally is called blue gum or Australian fever tree. It can grow as high as 230 feet. Its 4-12 inch leaves are dark green and shiny. Its blue-gray bark peels to reveal a cream-coloured inner bark.

Teas containing eucalyptus leaves were also used to reduce fevers. The therapeutic uses of eucalyptus soon spread to other traditional medicine systems, including Chinese, Indian and Greco-European.

Q: Which tribe used teas containing eucalyptus leaves?

• Aborigine

• Mohican

• African

• Inca