Osmoregulation and Excretion

The force driving simple diffusion is ________, while the energy source for active transport is________.

• the concentration gradient; ADP

• the concentration gradient; ATP

• transmembrane pumps; electron transport

• phosphorylated protein carriers; ATP

To maintain homeostasis, freshwater fish must ________.

• excrete large quantities of electrolytes

• consume large quantities of water

• excrete large quantities of water

• take in electrolytes through simple diffusion

The body fluids of an osmoconformer would be ________ with its ________ environment

• hyperosmotic; freshwater

• hyperosmotic; seawater

• isoosmotic; seawater

• hypoosmotic; seawater

Which nitrogenous waste has the greatest number of nitrogen atoms?

• ammonia

• ammonium ions

• urea

• uric acid

The advantage of excreting nitrogenous wastes as urea rather than as ammonia is that________.

• urea can be removed as a semi-solid paste

• urea is less toxic than ammonia

• urea does not affect the osmotic gradient

• less nitrogen is removed from the body

Animals that migrate great distances would obtain the greatest energetic benefit of storing chemical energy as ________.

• proteins

• minerals

• carbohydrates

• fats

In a hydra, digestion is completed ________.

• intracellularly

• extracellularly

• in the alimentary canal

• in the gastrovascular cavity

Because the foods eaten by animals are often composed largely of macromolecules, animals need to have mechanisms for ________.

• dehydration synthesis

• enzymatic hydrolysis

• regurgitation

• demineralization

The process by which digested dietary substances cross cell membranes to be used by the body is known as ________.

• ingestion

• digestion

• hydrolysis

• absorption

The large surface area in the gut directly facilitates ________.

• secretion

• absorption

• filtration

• temperature regulation