Fundamentals

Major Surgery involves

Answer explanation

Involves extensive reconstruction or alteration in body parts; poses great risks to well-being. Examples include coronary artery bypass, colon resection, removal of larynx, resection of lung lobes

Minor surgeries involves

Answer explanation

minimal alteration in body parts; often designed to correct deformities; involves minimal risks compared with major procedures. Examples include cataract extraction, facial plastic surgery, tooth extraction

Classification of surgery based on Urgency

Answer explanation

Elective: based on choice for example bunionectomy, facial plastic surgery

Urgent: Necessary for patient's health. Not emergency For example: prostatectomy, removal of gall bladder for stones

Emergent surgery: must be done immediately. Examples include control of internal hemorrhaging

Purpose classification:

Answer explanation

Diagnostic: Surgery to confirm diagnosis or to test. examples breast mass biopsy

Ablative: Removal of diseased body part. Examples include amputation or removal of gall stones

Palliative: Relieves or reduces intensity of a disease symptom. NO CURE. Example: Colostomy, debridement of necrotic tissue

Reconstructive or restorative: restores function or appearance to malfunctioning tissues. Example includes joint fixation, scar revision

Constructive tissues: Restores function lost from congenital anomalies. example: closure of atrial septal defects in heart

Cosmetic: improved personal appearance example include rhinoplasty to reshape nose

Surgical Risk Factors

Answer explanation

üAge

üObesity

üNutrition

üSmoking

üImmunocompromised

üObstructive Sleep Apnea

üCoagulopathies

üFluid Imbalances

üElectrolyte Imbalances

üPregnancy

üETOH Use

üCardiovascular Disease

üDuration of Anesthesia & Length of Procedure

üPostoperative Nausea & Vomiting

üDiabetes

üRespiratory Conditions

Preoperative assesxments

Answer explanation

üMedical & Surgical Hx (Complete H&P)

üAnesthetic Hx

üDiagnostic Screening (based on hlth status & current problem)– include Type & Crossmatch

üMedication Reconciliation

üAllergies (latex, meds, iodine/shellfish)

üETOH use– withdrawal life threatening w/in 24 hrs

üComplete physical assessment (H2T) + VS

üPt understanding & knowledge

Pre-op lab test

Answer explanation

Role of RN in informed consent

Answer explanation

witness that informed consent was obtained and confirm and patient's questions were answered

Consent for blood products and surgical product is gotten by the