The diagram below shows a process that occurs in the human body. What statement best describes the process shown at step 1?

A new mRNA strand is produced during transcription

A new rRNA strand is replicated during translation.

A complementary DNA strand is produced during replication.

A new set of amino acids are coded for by tRNA during protein formation.

The diagram below shows part of protein synthesis in a cell. What is the function of Structure X in the process of protein synthesis?

to move the amino acids to the ribosome

to assemble amino acids outside the ribosome

to copy the DNA into a template used to make proteins

to transfer the genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome

Which statement describes how exposure to high frequency radiation can cause cancer?

Radiation mutates DNA, causing uncontrolled growth.

Radiation provides energy needed for accelerated cell functions.

Radiation breaks bonds that hold DNA strands together, killing the cell.

Radiation causes the cell to stay in the synthesis stage of the cell cycle.

Different types of cells in the body have different growth patterns. The length of time a cell spends in division and how often division occurs depends on the type of cell. Researchers have discovered that in some cases mutations in genes within the cell can impact that cell’s growth and division. How might a mutation in these genes produce cancer?

Uncontrolled cell division could result in tumor formation.

Mutated genes could result in the wrong cells being produced.

Mutated genes could result in no new cells being able to grow.

Uncontrolled cell division could result in the abnormal merging of cells.

DNA mutations can lead to uncontrolled cell division. Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of mutations in a cell’s DNA that can lead to cancer?

lack of exercise because not exercising is not a carcinogen.

Carcinogens, such as radiation, pesticides, and tobacco, are chemicals that contribute to the development of cancer by causing damage to DNA. Which of the following is true regarding cancer?

A mutation will lead to cancer.

All cancers will produce tumors

It is a breakdown of the cell cycle

It can only damage gamete cells.

Students are conducting a lab estimating the time it takes for the cell cycle in normal chicken cells. They find that the average time for one complete cell cycle is 22 hours. What differences would they expect to see in cancerous chicken cells?

Cancerous chicken cells will complete mitosis in a shorter amount of time.

Cancerous chicken cells will spend more time in interphase.

Cancerous cells will not complete all phases of the cell cycle

Cancerous chicken cells and normal cells will have the same total time to complete the cell cycle.

Why is the genetic code common to all organisms?

All DNA consists of the same nitrogen bases

All DNA sequences are the same.

All DNA sequences result in the same protein functions.

All DNA consists of the same proteins to form new cell structures.

Which statement correctly relates how DNA, amino acids, and proteins are expressed in organisms?

DNA determines the amino acid sequence, which determines the function of proteins in most organisms.

Proteins determine the sequence of amino acids, which determines the function of DNA in mammals and birds only.

Proteins determine the sequence of DNA, which determines the function of amino acids in reptiles only.

DNA determines the sequence of proteins, which determines the function of amino acids in most organisms.

One characteristic of all living things is that they have genetic information. They also share the "language" needed to interpret that genetic information. Why is this information universal to all organisms?

All organisms use the same code to translate amino acids into proteins

All eukaryotes are made of the same protein sequences.

All organisms are made up of the same number of chromosomes.

All organisms have twenty codons corresponding to twenty amino acids.

A specific gene codes for a protein that controls cell division in animal cells. Scientists inserted this gene into yeast cells to produce the protein. This experiment provides evidence for which concept regarding the genetic code?

The genetic code is universal among organisms

Animal and yeast cells have the same genes.

The genetic code varies from organism to organism

All genes function the same in both animal and yeast cells.

DNA is the genetic information within all living cells. What is the purpose of DNA within the cell?

DNA is the material within the cell that regulates and controls cellular activity.

DNA is used by the cell to fight off bacterial infections.

DNA provides energy for photosynthesis.

DNA assembles and transports proteins.

Biotechnology has provided society with a number of advances in the field of genetics. Which of the following correctly pairs a technological advancement with a benefit that it provides?

Genetically modified crops allow us to feed more people with less land by increasing crop yields

DNA fingerprinting allows us to compare species to determine their evolutionary relationships.

Gene therapy allows us to therapeutically manipulate genes within an organism to make the DNA work like it does in a differing species.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allows us to insert corrective genes into a patient’s cells to help with genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis.

In order to maintain the world’s food supplies, scientists have developed crops that are resistant to certain bacteria and fungi. The DNA of these crops allows them to be less attractive to certain pests. Which statement describes an argument against using bioengineered-modified crops?

Increased use of engineered crops leads to a loss of genetic diversity.

Crops resistant to pests and weeds allow farmers to use fewer chemicals.

Weather-resistant crops can be grown in areas prone to floods or drought.

A large number of nutrient-dense crops can be grown for global food shortages.

Scientists are developing ways to use stem cells to replace cells of organisms that have been damaged or injured. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that are present in embryonic and adult tissue. Bans have been placed on some stem cell research that involves the use of embryonic tissue. Which of the following describes why these bans were enacted?

People had ethical concerns about using cells from human embryos for scientific research.

People thought that the expense of stem cell research would make healthcare unaffordable.

People were concerned that stem cell research would never lead to effective treatments or cures for serious diseases.

Because research using adult stem cells takes longer to conduct, the results of this type of research is more reliable.

Genes for medically important proteins can be cloned and inserted into bacteria, as shown in the diagram below. Why can bacteria recognize a human gene and then produce a human protein?

The basic components of DNA are the same in humans and bacteria.

DNA replication in bacteria and humans is the same.

Bacterial cells contain the same organelles as human cells.

Bacterial cells and human cells contain the same kind of chromosomes.

With advancements in biotechnology, farmers are able to produce genetically engineered crops that can fight disease and insects. Which statement describes a positive impact for farmers who grow genetically engineered crops?

They help decrease the amount of pesticides used.

They help decrease greenhouse gasses.

They cause a decrease in available land.

Billy and Johnny are brothers, but they do not look alike. Which one of the following pairs of factors contributed to this genetic variation?

crossing over and independent assortment

asexual reproduction and binary fission

Which best describes the final result of meiosis?

four haploid cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

two haploid cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

two diploid cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

four diploid cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

A biological process is shown below. What is the direct result of this biological process?

generating new combinations of alleles

duplication of genetic material

formation of mutations within cells

fertilization of an egg with a sperm

Which of these statements best describes how the process of crossing over increases genetic variation?

Crossing over allows for different combinations of genes.

Crossing over conserves the number of genes.

Crossing over provides a uniform rate of mutations.

Crossing over permits the sharing of genes between sister chromatids.

Changes to codes in DNA can be passed down from parent to offspring and over time increase the genetic variation of a species. How is increasing genetic variation beneficial to a species over time?

Genetic variation allows a species to adapt to changing environmental conditions.

Genetic variation allows a species to remain the same during changing environmental conditions.

Genetic variation limits the ability of a species to adapt to changing environmental conditions.

Genetic variation limits the mutations of a species during changing environmental conditions.

A mistake occurring in which cell process would most likely cause an increase in genetic variation?

removal of waste from the vacuole

chemical conversion of glucose into energy

transfer of mRNA transcripts across the nuclear membrane

The southern sea otter shown below is a marine mammal found off the California coast. Southern sea otters were thought to have been hunted to extinction in the early 1900s. A group of fewer than 50 otters were discovered off the coast of central California in 1911. Since then, the population has grown to 2800 individuals. Which statement most likely explains how the earlier reduction in genetic variation could affect the future of the southern sea otter?

It could reduce the ability of the sea otter population to adapt to climate change.

It could increase the ability of sea otters to find genetically different mates.

It could reduce the causes of all types of mutations in the sea otter population.

It could increase the amount of competition for resources among the sea otters.

Genetic recombination occurs in many organisms. Which statement explains genetic recombination?

Genetic recombination produces new combinations of alleles during meiosis and increases genetic variation in offspring.

Genetic recombination produces new combinations of alleles during mitosis and results in offspring identical to the parents.

Genetic recombination produces new combinations of alleles during protein synthesis and increases genetic variation in offspring.

Genetic recombination produces new combinations of alleles during DNA replication and results in offspring that are identical to the parents.

Compare the processes of mitosis and meiosis. Which of the following statements is true?

Meiosis results in haploid cells and mitosis results in diploid cells.

Meiosis makes somatic cells and mitosis makes gametes.

Meiosis consists of one division and mitosis consists of two.

Meiosis is for growth and repair and mitosis is for reproduction.

Which type of cell division is shown in the diagram above?

mitosis because the daughter cells are identical

meiosis because it results in haploid cells

meiosis because it involves one parent cell

mitosis because the daughter cells are not identical

Which process – asexual or sexual reproduction – results in greater genetic variation?

sexual reproduction because the offspring are a combination of the parents

sexual reproduction because the offspring are identical to the parents

asexual reproduction because variation is passed down from parent to offspring

asexual reproduction because two parents contribute to the formation of the offspring

Use the diagrams to answer the question. Which statement best describes the diagrams shown?

Diagram A represents mitosis resulting with genetically identical daughter cells. Diagram B represents meiosis resulting with genetically unique daughter cells.

Diagram A represents meiosis resulting with identical daughter cells. Diagram B represents mitosis resulting with identical daughter cells.

Diagram A represents meiosis resulting with genetically unique daughter cells. Diagram B represents mitosis resulting with genetically identical daughter cells.

Diagram A represents mitosis and increased genetic diversity in daughter cells. Diagram B represents meiosis and decreased genetic diversity in daughter cells.

The chart below shows characteristics of two different types of cellular division. Which set of descriptions best completes the chart?

X—forms sperm cells; Y—forms skin cells

X—forms brain cells; Y—forms egg cells

X—forms skin cells; Y—forms brain cells

X—forms egg cells; Y—forms sperm cells

The picture shows different varieties of the same species of corn. Based on the picture, it can be determined that corn most likely reproduces

sexually, because the offspring has a mix of DNA from both parents.

asexually, because the offspring is genetically identical to one of its parents.

sexually, because the offspring is genetically identical to one of its parents.

asexually, because the offspring has a mix of DNA from both parents.

During meiosis, which of the following will result in genetic recombination?

Chromosomes assorting independently and crossing-over occurring

Genes from different species mixing together

Gene mutations occurring more frequently than at other times

Cells dividing only once, resulting in genetically identical cells

The pictures show two methods of reproduction. Which statements best describe the two methods of reproduction?

Method Y is asexual reproduction that produces offspring which are genetically alike. Method Z is sexual reproduction which produces offspring that are genetically different.

Method Y is sexual reproduction which produces offspring that are genetically different. Method Z is asexual reproduction which produces offspring that are genetically alike.

Method Y is asexual reproduction which produces offspring that are genetically different. Method Z is sexual reproduction which produces offspring that are genetically alike.

Method Y is sexual reproduction that produces offspring which are genetically alike. Method Z is asexual reproduction which produces offspring that are genetically different.

At what point in pregnancy is a developing baby considered a zygote?

After a sperm and an egg join together

After implanting in the uterine wall

After the spinal cord starts to develop

After arms and limbs are present

How does reduction division during meiosis result in the formation of haploid gametes or spores?

Reduction division involves two rounds of cell division, where homologous chromosomes are separated in the first round and sister chromatids are separated in the second round, resulting in haploid cells.

Reduction division ensures that the parent cell’s chromosomes are replicated twice, leading to gametes or spores with double the chromosome number.

Reduction division involves the duplication of chromosomes, ensuring that the daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Reduction division occurs during mitosis, producing haploid cells with half the chromosome number of the parent cell.

A fetus is a developing baby about 2 months after conception. Which of the following changes to a developing fetus occur during the first trimester of pregnancy?

Eyes become receptive to changes in light.

Which of the following correctly describes the basic anatomy and physiology of the human female reproductive system?

The fallopian tubes carry the eggs from the ovaries to the uterus, where fertilization may occur. The cervix connects the uterus to the vagina and allows for the passage of menstrual blood.

The vagina produces eggs and secretes estrogen, while the uterus stores eggs until they are released during menstruation.

The ovaries store eggs that are released during ovulation, while the fallopian tubes produce hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle.

The ovaries produce eggs and secrete hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, while the uterus is responsible for fertilization and the production of eggs.

A Punnett square of red (R) and white (r) flower colors is shown below. Which explanation describes how the presence of a white flower color occurred in the offspring?

Parents are heterozygous for the recessive gene expressing white color.

Parents are homozygous for the dominant gene expressing red color.

Parents are heterozygous for the dominant gene expressing red color.

Parents are homozygous for the recessive gene expressing white color.

Biology EOC Review - Topic 4 - Genetics

Authored by Tara Hartman

Biology

9th - 12th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 21+ times

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60 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The diagram below shows a segment of DNA.
Which DNA segment below represents the complementary strand produced during replication?

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

DNA replication is taking place in the diagram above. Which nitrogen base will be added at the tip of the black arrow?

adenine

cytosine

guanine

thymine

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The diagram below shows a molecule of DNA undergoing replication.
If there are no mutations during the process, which of the following pairs of labeled strands will have identical sequences of bases?

1 and 2

1 and 4

2 and 3

2 and 4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is the primary function of DNA replication in adult human body cells?

to allow the cells to adapt to changes in the environment by generating new alleles of genes

to generate multiple copies of genes the cell can use to increase protein production

to prepare to create a new cell that contains the same genetic information

to prepare the cell for cell division to produce unique daughter cells

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is the function of one strand in the double helix structure during DNA replication?

The strand doubles its size to make the new strand.

The strand serves as a template for the new strand

The strand undergoes a mutation to create a new strand.

The strand makes a mirror image of itself for the new strand.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

In order for protein synthesis to occur, both transcription and translation must occur. Which of the following statements describes the difference between transcription and translation?

In transcription, the genetic code of a DNA molecule is first encoded. Translation is the process of converting the DNA code into code that RNA can use.

In transcription, an amino acid chain is encoded in a DNA molecule. Translation is the process of turning the amino acids into nucleic acids in an RNA molecule.

In transcription, a double helix DNA molecule is split into two separate single strands. Translation is the process of joining each single DNA strand with a single strand of matching RNA.

In transcription, the genetic code of a DNA molecule is transferred to a messenger RNA molecule. Translation is the process of creating an amino acid chain using the encoded messenger RNA.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

An organism's genetic information provides the instructions to make proteins needed for cell function. What is the sequence of events leading to the formation of a protein?

DNA → amino acids → RNA → protein

RNA → amino acids → DNA → protein

DNA → RNA → amino acids → protein

RNA → DNA → amino acids → protein

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

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Biology EOC Review - Topic 4 - Genetics

The diagram below shows a segment of DNA.Which DNA segment below represents the complementary strand produced during replication?

DNA replication is taking place in the diagram above. Which nitrogen base will be added at the tip of the black arrow?

The diagram below shows a molecule of DNA undergoing replication.If there are no mutations during the process, which of the following pairs of labeled strands will have identical sequences of bases?

What is the primary function of DNA replication in adult human body cells?

What is the function of one strand in the double helix structure during DNA replication?

In order for protein synthesis to occur, both transcription and translation must occur. Which of the following statements describes the difference between transcription and translation?

An organism's genetic information provides the instructions to make proteins needed for cell function. What is the sequence of events leading to the formation of a protein?

The diagram below shows a process that occurs in the human body.What statement best describes the process shown at step 1?

The diagram below shows part of protein synthesis in a cell.What is the function of Structure X in the process of protein synthesis?

A codon chart is shown below.Which amino acid sequence is coded for by the mRNA segment AUG-CCC-CAC-GAA-UAC?

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Discover more resources for Biology

The diagram below shows a segment of DNA.
Which DNA segment below represents the complementary strand produced during replication?

The diagram below shows a molecule of DNA undergoing replication.
If there are no mutations during the process, which of the following pairs of labeled strands will have identical sequences of bases?

The diagram below shows a process that occurs in the human body.
What statement best describes the process shown at step 1?

The diagram below shows part of protein synthesis in a cell.
What is the function of Structure X in the process of protein synthesis?

A codon chart is shown below.
Which amino acid sequence is coded for by the mRNA segment AUG-CCC-CAC-GAA-UAC?