Biology EOC Review - Topic 4 - Genetics

The diagram below shows a segment of DNA.

Which DNA segment below represents the complementary strand produced during replication?

• 
• 
• 
• 

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DNA replication is taking place in the diagram above. Which nitrogen base will be added at the tip of the black arrow?

• adenine

• cytosine

• guanine

• thymine

The diagram below shows a molecule of DNA undergoing replication.

If there are no mutations during the process, which of the following pairs of labeled strands will have identical sequences of bases?

• 1 and 2

• 1 and 4

• 2 and 3

• 2 and 4

What is the primary function of DNA replication in adult human body cells?

• to allow the cells to adapt to changes in the environment by generating new alleles of genes

• to generate multiple copies of genes the cell can use to increase protein production

• to prepare to create a new cell that contains the same genetic information

• to prepare the cell for cell division to produce unique daughter cells

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What is the function of one strand in the double helix structure during DNA replication?

• The strand doubles its size to make the new strand.

• The strand serves as a template for the new strand

• The strand undergoes a mutation to create a new strand.

• The strand makes a mirror image of itself for the new strand.

In order for protein synthesis to occur, both transcription and translation must occur. Which of the following statements describes the difference between transcription and translation?

• In transcription, the genetic code of a DNA molecule is first encoded. Translation is the process of converting the DNA code into code that RNA can use.

• In transcription, an amino acid chain is encoded in a DNA molecule. Translation is the process of turning the amino acids into nucleic acids in an RNA molecule.

• In transcription, a double helix DNA molecule is split into two separate single strands. Translation is the process of joining each single DNA strand with a single strand of matching RNA.

• In transcription, the genetic code of a DNA molecule is transferred to a messenger RNA molecule. Translation is the process of creating an amino acid chain using the encoded messenger RNA.

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An organism's genetic information provides the instructions to make proteins needed for cell function. What is the sequence of events leading to the formation of a protein? 

• DNA → amino acids → RNA → protein

• RNA → amino acids → DNA → protein

• DNA → RNA → amino acids → protein

• RNA → DNA → amino acids → protein

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The diagram below shows a process that occurs in the human body.

What statement best describes the process shown at step 1?

• A new rRNA strand is replicated during translation.

• A new mRNA strand is produced during transcription

• A complementary DNA strand is produced during replication.

• A new set of amino acids are coded for by tRNA during protein formation.

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The diagram below shows part of protein synthesis in a cell.

What is the function of Structure X in the process of protein synthesis?

• to move the amino acids to the ribosome

•  to assemble amino acids outside the ribosome

• to copy the DNA into a template used to make proteins

• to transfer the genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome 

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A codon chart is shown below.

Which amino acid sequence is coded for by the mRNA segment AUG-CCC-CAC-GAA-UAC?

• STOP-Pro-Thr-Lys-Thr

• Met-Pro-Gln-Asp-STOP

• Asp-Pro-His-Glu-STOP

• Met-Pro-His-Glu-Tyr

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