Keystone Review #4: Homeostasis and Transport

Which of the following is most involved in providing structure for a plasma membrane?

• the number of protein channels embedded in the membrane

• the types of carbohydrates attached to proteins on the surface

• the types of proteins that are attached to the surface of the membrane

• the arrangement of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends of the phospholipids

What cell process is best modeled by the diagram?

• osmosis

• exocytosis

• passive transport

• facilitated diffusion

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

The shivering mechanism in bumblebees often serves the same purpose that it does in mammals. During which condition will the action of shivering most help a bumblebee to maintain homeostasis?

• decrease in available oxygen

• low environmental temperature

• uncontrolled rise in core temperature

• depletion of oxygen in muscle tissues

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NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Which statement best describes how channel and carrier proteins in the plasma membrane are similar?

• Both allow for the flow of molecules into and out of a cell.

• Both directly connect the membrane to the nucleus of a cell.

• Both use energy to continuously move water molecules out of a cell.

• Both cause the phospholipid bilayer to form a rigid membrane for a cell.

The indicated protein is part of a cell membrane. What is the most likely purpose of this protein? 

• It allows passage of particles into and out of the cell. 
• It manufactures phospholipids to repair membrane damage. 
• It releases stored chemical energy in membrane carbohydrates. 
• It attracts unbalanced electrical charges in the cell’s environment. 

Which statement best describes how active transport differs from passive transport? 

• Only active transport requires ATP. 
• Only active transport moves small particles. 
• Only active transport relies on a plasma membrane. 
• Only active transport allows substances to leave a cell. 

All living organisms must maintain homeostasis in order to survive. Which statement best describes one way humans maintain homeostasis? 

• Temperature is regulated by giving off carbon dioxide. 
• Water content is regulated by giving off carbon dioxide. 
• Temperature is regulated by sweating. 
• Water content is regulated by sweating. 

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NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms. The cell walls of these microorganisms serve as barriers to chemicals that might affect the processes that occur within a bacterial cell. Antibiotics are a type of substance used to stop bacterial growth. Some antibiotics cause the bacterial cell wall to rupture. The function of which human organ is most like the cell walls of bacteria? 

• heart
• liver
• pancreas
• skin

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NGSS.MS-LS1-1

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms. The cell walls of these microorganisms serve as barriers to chemicals that might affect the processes that occur within a bacterial cell. Antibiotics are a type of substance used to stop bacterial growth. Some antibiotics cause the bacterial cell wall to rupture.Which statement best describes how antibiotics affect cellular homeostasis? 

• Antibiotics remove chloroplasts from plant cells to cause starvation. 
• Antibiotics interfere with the transport of intracellular and extracellular materials. 
• Antibiotics increase the rate of DNA replication in human cells by forming nucleotides. 
• Antibiotics decrease the rate of cellular respiration in animal cells by producing oxygen. 

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NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Adipose cells (fat cells) are specialized for energy storage.  How does the structure of adipose cells suit their function?

• They contain vacuoles to accommodate large lipids.
• They contain large nuclei to direct the cells' activities.
• The contain lysosomes to quickly digest waste matter.
• They contain cilia to move them to areas that require energy.

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