What is the first formal step in the hearing of a case by the The Court asks the solicitor general to present the case.

• The Court asks the solicitor general to present the case.

• Justices on the Court begin doing research on the case.

• Attorneys make oral arguments before the Court.

• The Court issues a writ of certiorari to lower courts.

• The justices of the Court meet and discuss their opinions on the case.

Which Supreme Court case created the “clear and present danger” rule to test the limits of free speech?

• Schenck v. United States

• Miranda v. Arizona

• Engle v. Vitale

• Gibbons v. Ogden

• Plessy v. Ferguson

What was one way that the Fourteenth Amendment expanded rights in the United States?

• By formally banning the institution of slavery

• By overturning Jim Crow laws in the South

• By granting equal protection under the law to African Americans

• By affirming voting rights for African Americans

• By outlawing segregation in schools and other public places

The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution are known collectively as the

• Magna Carta.

• Preamble to the Constitution.

• Articles of Confederation.

• Bill of Rights.

• Federalist Papers.

On which concept of U.S. government did the Supreme Court overturn the doctrine of “separate but equal” established in Plessy v. Ferguson?

• Due process

• Equal protection

• Federalism

• Minority rights

• Checks and balances

How did the ruling in Barron v. Baltimore affect the United States?

• It limited the power of lower courts to challenge rulings.

• It expanded voting rights for women and African Americans.

• It barred the use of Jim Crow laws and poll taxes in the South.

• It established the supremacy of the federal government over the states.

• It stated that the Bill of Rights applied only to the federal government.

Which Supreme Court case affirmed the power of judicial review?

• Gideon v. Wainwright

• Brown v. Board of Education

• Marbury v. Madison

• Mapp v. Ohio

• McCulloch v. Maryland

In the United States, the use of due process of law most directly assures that citizens

• cannot be imprisoned without a fair trial.

• have the right to file suit in court.

• are given a public defender if they cannot afford a lawyer.

• must follow local, state, and federal laws.

• may directly vote for or against the passage of laws.

The U.S. Constitution guarantees the protections of minority rights even while allowing the majority to rule. Which amendment to the Constitution most supports the protection of minority rights?

• First Amendment

• Second Amendment

• Fifth Amendment

• Eighth Amendment

• Tenth Amendment

“The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment.”

• Federalism

• Popular sovereignty

• Direct democracy

• Checks and balances

• Minority rights