In AD 496, this French king converted to Catholicism.

• Clovis

• Charles Martel

• Charlemagne

• Gregory VII

• Henry IV

a powerful mayor who wanted to unite all of the Frankish nobles under his rule.

• Clovis

• Charles Martel

• Charlemagne

• Gregory VII

• Henry IV

built an empire that spanned from Germany to the northeastern part of Spain in the 8th and 9th centuries.

• Clovis

• Charles Martel

• Charlemagne

• Gregory VII

• Henry IV

His name is translated as Charles the Great

• Clovis

• Charles Martel

• Charlemagne

• Gregory VII

• Henry IV

Elected pope in AD 1073; issued decree forbidding kings from appointing high-ranking Church officials.

• Clovis

• Charles Martel

• Charlemagne

• Gregory VII

• Henry IV

The king who refused to obey Pope Gregory VII's decree about appointing Church officials. He was excommunicated from the Catholic Church.

• Clovis

• Charles Martel

• Charlemagne

• Gregory VII

• Henry IV

The capital of Charlemagne's empire

• Aachen

• Scandinavia

• Holy Roman Empire

• Saxony

The name of the kingdom that began with the German king Otto I.

• Aachen

• Scandinavia

• Holy Roman Empire

• Saxony

The name of the land to the north and home of the Vikings

• Aachen

• Scandinavia

• Holy Roman Empire

• Minnesota

Steep-sided valleys that are inlets of the sea

• fjord

• missionary

• excommunicate

• concordat