5.1 Cell Cycle 2023

Humans begin as one cell called a zygote, but when babies are born they contain billions of cells and a full grown adult contains trillions of cells. This demonstrates which of the following?

• Mitosis prevents babies from being born with too many cells

• Cell division is a primary factor in the growth of living things

• Mutations allow adult humans to contain more cells than other organisms

• Humans are the result of uncontrolled cellular division

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The process of mitosis and cellular division allows multicellular organisms to do which of the following?

• metabolize nutrients

• perform photosynthesis

• grow larger

• repair mutations

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Most of the life cycle of a cell is spent in interphase. Interphase contains three stages, including the G₁ and G₂ stages. Which of the following occurs during these gap stages?

• separation of chromosomes

• cellular growth

• DNA replication

• viral transformation

During interphase, the DNA is replicated to create two complete sets of DNA. The DNA is copied during which stage of the cell cycle?

DNA can be replicated, the DNA must separate –

• between the phosphate groups

• behind the deoxyribose sugars

• from the sugar-phosphate backbone

• between the nitrogen bases

The process of DNA replication is directed by DNA polymerASE molecules. DNA polymerASE would best be classified as which of the following?

• fatty acid

• enzyme

• nucleic acid

• monosaccharide

DNA replication occurs inside which of the following organelles?

• nucleus

• ribsosome

• Golgi body

• endoplasmic reticulum

When DNA replication is complete, each set of identical DNA contains one of the cell’s original strands of DNA paired with a newly constructed strand of DNA. This method of DNA replication is referred to as –

• facilitated copying

• semi-conservative

• transformational

• gene splicing

The purpose of mitosis is to separate the two sets of DNA created during replication and –

• redirect the expression of genes

• discard the unwanted genes

• place them into two nuclei

• mutate them into new sequences

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Mitosis insures that each new daughter cell that is created will be –

• genetically different from each other

• the exact same size and mass

• more complex than the original cell

• genetically identical to the parent cell

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