Renal system

NH₃ is converted into urea in –

• Kidney

• Liver

• Spleen

• Intestine

1.During the formation of urine, the tubular epithelial cells in different segments of nephron perform either by active or passive mechanisms, which of the given are passively absorbed.

• (1) Glucose, Na+ , H2O

• (2) Nitrogenous wastes

• (3) Aminoacids, Na+

• (4) Na+ , nitrogenous waste

8.Match the items of Column-I with those of Column-II. Column-I Column-II

(a) Ammonotelism (i) Birds

(b) Micturition (ii) Water Reabsorption

(c) Uricotelism (iii) Bony fish

(d) ADH (iv) Urinary Bladder

• (1) (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)

• (2) (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)

• (3) (a)-(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)

• (4) (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)

20.Counter current mechanism into maintain the concentration gradient in the medullary interstitium. This special arrangement occurs in:-

• (1) PCT and capillary net

• (2) DCT and PCT

• (3) Henle's loop and vasa recta

• (4) PCT and collecting duct

The layers between the blood in glomerular capillary and Bowman’s space are –

• Tunica media + Cuboidal epithelium + Basement’s membrane

• Endothelium + Epithelium of Bowman’s capsule + Basement membrane between the 2 layers

• Endothelium of glomerular blood vessel + Endothelium of Bowman’s capsule + Parietal layer of Bowman’s

• Cuboidal epithelium + Epithelium of Bowman’s capsule + Basement membrane between the 2 layers

I. Reabsorption in this region is minimum.

II. This region plays a significant role in the maintenance of high osmolarity of intestinal fluid

III. Its descending limb is permeable to water but almost impermeable to electrolytes

IV. Its ascending limb is impermeable to water but allows transport of electrolyte actively or passively

V. In descending limb filtrate is hypertonic while in ascending limb filtrate is hypotonic

The above characteristics are associated with –

• PCT

• Loop of Henle

• DCT

• Bowman’s capsule

Human urine is usually acidic because

• Potassium and sodium exchange generates acidity

• Hydrogen ions are actively secreted into the filtrate

• The sodium transporter exchanges one hydrogen ions for each sodium ion, in peritubular capillaries

• Excreted plasma proteins are acidic

In mammals, which blood vessel would normally carry largest amount of urea ?

• Renal Vein

• Dorsal Aorta

• Hepatic Vein

• Hepatic Portal Vein

Which of the following are about 90% absorbed in the nephron?

• Glucose and amino acids – Active process

• Glucose and amino acids – Passive process

• Cl^–, NH₃, K⁺ – Passive process

• Cl^–, NH₃, K⁺ – Active process

A decrease in blood pressure/volume will not cause the release of :–

• Renin

• Atrial Natriuretic Factor

• Aldosterone

• ADH