BIOL 1107 Exam 1 (Chapters 1-6)

A scientific hypothesis must have the following characteristic(s):

• Conforms to existing theories

• Can be disproven or refuted

• Testable in the natural universe in ways that others can repeat

• B and C

• A, B, and C

All prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share _____ but prokaryotes never have _____. (Fill in the blank with the most appropriate choice from the list provided.)

• a cell wall; DNA

• DNA; organelles

• a nucleus; a flagellum

• organelles; DNA

• DNA; a membrane

Which elements make up approximately 96 percent of living matter?

• carbon, sodium, phosphorus, nitrogen

• carbon, oxygen, vibranium, water

• oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, magnesium

• carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen

If you change the number of neutrons in an atom, you create

• A cation

• An anion

• An isotope

• A different element

True or False: Atoms share valence electrons in a hydrogen bond.

• True

• False

The cohesive properties of water are due to

• covalent bonds between water molecules.

• ionic bonds within water molecules.

• hydrogen bonds between water molecules.

• hydrogen bonds within water molecules.

• ionic bonds between water molecules.

pH measures

• the concentration of hydrogen bonds.

• the concentration of hydroxide (OH-) ions.

• the concentration of proteins.

• the concentration of ammonium (NH4+) ions.

• the concentration of hydrogen (H+) ions.

The amount of energy needed to increase the temperature 1 g of a pure substance by 1°C is

• Specific heat

• kcal

• Heat of vaporization

• pH

The difference between solutions of pH 1 and 5 is

• pH 1 has 40 times fewer hydrogen ions than pH 5.

• pH 1 has 40 times more hydrogen ions than pH 5.

• pH 1 has 4 times fewer hydrogen ions than pH 5.

• pH 1 has 10,000 times fewer hydrogen ions than pH 5.

• pH 1 has 10,000 times more hydrogen ions than pH 5.

A molecule or set of molecules that maintain a stable pH level in a solution is called a

• Valence shell

• Buffer

• Hydration core

• Heat capacity

• Base