Enlightenment Quiz

The Scientific Revolution contributed to Enlightenment thought by influencing people to

• believe in the power of human reason.

• reject belief in the organized church.

• study the ideas of past civilizations.

• oppose individuality in favor of social order.

The English philosopher John Locke argued that life, liberty, and property are

• social rights guaranteed by the ruling class.

• economic rights earned in a capitalistic system.

• political rights to be granted as determined by law.

• natural rights that should be protected by government.

European political thinkers who supported the Enlightenment believed that

• religious tolerance is a dangerous concept

• an absolute monarchy is the most effective government

• governments should protect the rights of the people

• civil liberties should be given as rewards for political loyalty.

Which solution would Baron de Montesquieu offer to avoid the enactment of tyrannical laws?

• granting freedom of speech

• reinstating absolute monarchies

• separating the branches of government

• limiting natural laws

Philosophers of the Enlightenment period believed that society could best be improved by

• relying on faith and divine right

• applying reason and the laws of nature

• borrowing ideas from ancient Greece and Rome

• studying the practices of successful leaders

Why is the Enlightenment considered a turning point in world history?

• The factory system was used to mass-produce goods.

• Martin Luther broke away from the Roman Catholic Church.

• The Columbian exchange occurred.

• Europeans changed their thinking about the role of government.

- Supported reforms

- Believed in natural rights and religious toleration

- Viewed themselves as servants of their state

In the 18th century, European Monarchs that fit these characteristics were best known as

• theocratic monarchs

• enlightened despots

• totalitarian dictators

• prime ministers

Diderot's ________ helped to spread Enlightenment ideas across Europe and the Atlantic to North America?

• The Wealth of Nations

• Two Treatises on Government

• The Spirit of the Laws

• Encyclopedia

Which of the following Enlightenment thinkers, whose main focus was on civil liberties, mainly the freedoms of speech and religion?

• Voltaire

• Rousseau

• Locke

• Montesquieu

Which philosopher believes that all men are “selfish and wicked” and an absolute monarchy government is necessary?

• Locke

• Hobbes

• Diderot

• Rousseau