Unit 1 MCQ Review

The first civilizations appeared in major river valleys, where floodplains contained rich soil and the rivers provided irrigation for crops and a means of transportation. Foundational civilizations developed urbanization and complexity without outside influence and without building on a pre-existing civilization, though they did not all develop simultaneously.

Where did the first civilizations appear?

• Antarctica

• Flood Plains

• Mountain Tops

• Ocean Bottoms

Answer explanation

It is directly in the text. No other answer appears in the text.

A civilization is a complex society that creates agricultural surpluses, allowing for specialized labor, social hierarchy, and the establishment of cities. Developments such as writing, complex religious systems, monumental architecture, and centralized political power have been suggested as identifying markers of civilization, as well.

According to the reading, a civilization needs...

• Only Specialized Labor

• Agricultural Surpluses

• To Hunt and Gather

• To be a Complex Society

Answer explanation

Surplus is needed for everything else in the list, and hunter-gatherers don't have it.

Climatic shifts also led to changes in the distribution and growing patterns of wild grains and other crops on which hunters and gatherers depended. In addition, it is likely that the shift to sedentary farming was prompted in part by an increase in human populations in certain areas.

According to the reading, what caused the distribution of growing crops?

• Climatic Shifts

• Increased Human Population

• Hunters and Gatherers Needed it.

• Farmers and Gatherers Needed it.

Answer explanation

You can' get seeds without plants. Before the climatic shifts, the plants are under the snow.

Peoples like the Natufians found their human communities could grow significantly by intensively harvesting grains that grew in the wild. As the population grew, more and more attention was given to the grain harvest, which eventually led to the conscious and systematic cultivation of plants and thus the agrarian revolution.

Based on the statement above, what was the first step early peoples took toward the agrarian revolution?

• systematic cultivation of crops

• increased population within communities

• natural domestication of plants and animals

• increase in harvesting of wild growing plants

Answer explanation

As people more intensively harvested plants, they slowly domesticated them, eventuallyleading to their cultivation and the agrarian rvolution.

Climatic changes associated with the retreat of the glaciers at the end of the last Ice Age (about 12,000 B.C.), may have played an important role. These climatic shifts prompted the migration of many big game animals to new pasturelands in northern areas.

What was the main cause of big game animals migrating to northern areas?

• a change in the hunter's activity

• change in climatic patterns from retreat of glaciers during the end og the ice age.

• more resources for the animals

• the beginning of the ice age had major glacier retreats and climate changes

Answer explanation

This happens at the end of the ice age, not the beginning, and the hunters and resources changed because of the animal's changing, not the other way around.

Because cultivation of plants requires more labor than hunting and gathering, we can assume that Stone Age humans gave up...

• Their certain tools

• gave up their old way of life

• gave up their homes

• gave up their traditions

Answer explanation

Old way = hunting and gathering and now this time needs to be used for planting and harvesting.

we can assume that Stone Age humans gave up their former ways of life reluctantly and slowly. In fact, peoples such as the Bushmen of Southwest Africa still follow them today. But between about 8000 and 3500 B.C., increasing numbers of humans shifted to dependence on cultivated crops and domesticated animals for their subsistence.

What can we assume about the stone age?

• They kept their way of life?

• It happened in 8,000 - 3500 BC.

• They gave up there way of life right away.

• An increasing number of people shifted to a dependence oin cultivated crops.

Answer explanation

Cultivated crops = Farming = Surplus = reliable food source throughout the year.

A civilization is a complex society that creates agricultural surpluses, allowing for specialized labor, social hierarchy, and the establishment of cities. Developments such as writing, complex religious systems, monumental architecture, and centralized political power

• A place with specialized labor

• A complex society

• A place with centralized political power

• A place where there are religious systems

Answer explanation

All of the other answers contribute to a complex society. So a Complex Society is the best answer.

The first civilizations appeared in major river valleys, where floodplains contained rich soil and the rivers provided irrigation for crops and a means of transportation. Foundational civilizations developed urbanization and complexity without outside influence and without building on a pre-existing civilization, though they did not all develop simultaneously.

According to the statement above, where were civilizations started?

• river valleys

• flood plains with rich soil

• major river valleys with rich soil, irrigation, and transportation.

• Foundational civilizations developed with urbanization.

Answer explanation

All of these factors to a major river valley contribute to the creation of civilizations.

Foundational civilizations developed urbanization and complexity without outside influence and without building on a pre-existing civilization, though they did not all develop simultaneously. Many later civilizations either borrowed elements of, built on, or incorporated—through conquest—other civilizations.

According to the piece of text above, which shows how outside influence affected Civilizations?

• The foundational civilizations were built on an already existing idea of what civilizations are.

• Later civilizations were always all the same.

• The first civilizations developed their very own unique societies without influence.

• Later Civilizations developed their own societies without influence.

Answer explanation

They developed initially without influence because there was nothing to be influenced by.