PROBLEM-SOLVING-CH8-INTRO-TO-COGSCI

what is a problem space?

• inability to solve a problem due to a fixation on an object's conventional function

• problems where people are not aware of being close to a solution

• all possible states of a problem and the various sequences of operators that exist within

What is functional fixedness?

• fixation on the function of a problem

• inability to solve a problem due to a fixation on the problem's similarity to other problems

• fixation on solving the problem as fast as possible

• inability to solve a problem due to a fixation on an object's conventional function

what does a "state" refer to in problem solving?

• mapping operators from one solution to another problem

• formal representation of the problem in some degree of solution

• learning by being told or by example

• computer-simulation modelling human problem solving using means-ends analysis

What is means-ends analysis?

• creation of new subgoals (ends) to enable operators (means) to solve the problem

• analysing analogies to better apply them in problems

• analysing past problems similar to the current problem

what is analogy in problem solving?

• tendency to select the operator that worked most in past problems

• process of mapping operators from one solution of a problem to solve a different problem

• process of drawing all the steps of the problem to visualise its solution

What type of problem is the cheap-necklace problem?

• Mathematical problem

• Insight Problem

• Incubation problem

• Google Problem

What is backup avoidance in problem solving?

• tendency in to refrain from using operators that undo the effect of 1 or more previous operators

• tendency to select the operator that most reduces the distance between the current state & the goal state

• tendency to select the operator that worked most in past problems

what is an operator in problem solving?

• actions that are tied solely to insight problems

• the subgoals that are defined during the problem solving process

• all individual elements in a problem

• an action that will transform one problem state into another problem state

What does the Mutilated Checkerboard problem demonstrate?

• The effect of representation in problem solving

• Why functional fixedness occurs

• How set effects bias problem solving

• How different operators work

What does the goal state refer to in problem solving?

• the state of the problem where you take a break

• the initial state of the problem

• state of problem where you define your goals for the problem

• the state where the problem is solved