Test Review 2

In which of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development is a child most likely to lack the skill of object permanence?

• The preoperational stage

• The formal operational stage

• The sensorimotor stage

• The concrete operational stage

Penelope listens attentively in her college classes and translates the information into new memories.  The main memory process that accounts for the fact that Penelope is able to form new memories as information is encountered for the first time is:

• storage

• retrieval

• encoding

• chunking

In formulating this theory of psychosocial development, Erikson would have suggested that authoritarian parents are likely to inhibit young children’s

• theory of the mind

• autonomy and initiative

• assimilation and accommodation

• conventional morality

Harlow’s study of infant rhesus monkeys showed that

• surrogate mothers who were cold to the touch but provided food and water produced the strongest attachment responses.

• surrogate mothers who were soft to the touch but did not provide food and water produced the strongest attachment responses. 

• early imprinting led to the strongest attachments of monkeys to their surrogate mothers.

• surrogate mothers who were inconsistent in providing food and water produced the weakest attachment responses.

Which of the following statements is true about operant conditioning?

• Neither partial nor continuous reinforcement leads to behaviors that will persist for long periods of time.

• Continuous reinforcement leads to behaviors that will persist longer than behavior learned through partial or intermittent reinforcement.

• Partial reinforcement leads to behaviors that will persist longer than behavior learned through continuous reinforcement.

• Continuous reinforcement and partial reinforcement lead to behaviors that persist for equally long periods of time.

Daniel is interested in studying how children’s behavior changes when they grow up in high-risk environments. He enlists 500 children and their parents to take part in his research, and observes these children once a year for 20 years. Despite the fact that this research is very time-consuming and expensive, it gives very good information about how the children age over time. This type of research is an example of a _____ study.

• sequential

• cross-sectional

• longitudinal

• continuous

Whenever five-year-old Claire goes to the dentist, she becomes anxious and cries. Since she was not afraid of the dentist on her first visit, her fear was a learned behavior. The UCS in this case was probably

• the dentist’s beard.

• sweet toothpaste. 

• the use of teeth cleaning instruments that led to pain.

• the sound of the music in the dentist’s waiting room.

Talbot looked up the phone number for a local restaurant and silently repeated it to himself as he dialed to make reservations.  In this example, it appears that Talbot relied on:

• Chunking to increase the amount of information held in short-term memory

• Elaboration to link the phone number to information in long-term memory

• Repression to temporarily block other information out of short-term memory

• Rehearsal to temporarily store the restaurant’s phone number in short-term memory

Camille remembered the meaning of the word “ilk” as being a type or kind of people. She used which of the following types of memory to recall this definition?

• Episodic memory

• Semantic memory

• Procedural memory

• Sensory memory

Sarah has developed a sucking schema as a way of understanding objects around her. Sarah’s behavior of sucking on a harmonica to make music is an example of

• accommodation.

• assimilation.

• equilibration.

• conservation.