The Scientific Revolution & the Enlightenment

The new scientific method of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries relied on:

• scientific knowledge that already existed.

• "natural philosophers."

• direct observation and experiment.

• Greek thinker Aristotle.

Ptolemy believed that the universe was geocentric, or

• sun-centered.

• moon-centered.

• concentric.

• Earth-centered.

What did Kepler prove?

• Ptolemy’s view of the universe was correct.

• The sun revolves around Earth.

• Copernicus’s theory was right.

• The planets do not revolve around anything.

How did the telescope contribute to Galileo's theories?

• The telescope made automatic measurements of the movements in the universe.

• Through the telescope, Galileo could see how bodies in the universe moved and what they were made of.

• Church elders could see the motion in the universe for themselves and support Galileo.

• Galileo invented the telescope and earned money to carry out his work selling them.

Why did the Catholic Church attack Galileo?

• The system Galileo defended went against the Christian view of the universe.

• Most astronomers already agreed that the planets revolved around the sun.

• Motion in the universe had not yet been explained.

• Galileo refused to share his new information with the Church.

The universal law of gravitation was proposed by

• Newton.

• Galileo.

• Copernicus.

• Lavoisier.

Vesalius and Harvey contributed to the understanding of human anatomy by

• viewing bodies through telescopes.

• dissecting bodies.

• reasoning with the Church.

• studying gases.

Why did women have to publish their scientific work anonymously?

• Women were not as involved in science as men.

• Women did not want to have their names known.

• Men had better minds than women.

• Only men were considered scholars in those times.

Rationalism is the belief that

• the human mind is divine.

• reason is the chief source of knowledge.

• the human mind is perfect.

• matter is the main concern of science.

According to the scientific method, the best way to understand the physical world is to

• propose theories before doing anything else.

• read the opinions held by famous scientists.

• begin with general principles.

• use inductive reasoning.