Evolution

This cladogram shows the evolutionary relationships among some mammals based on homologous structures. Which statement is supported by this cladogram?

• Hippopotamuses are more closely related to cows than to javelinas

• Javelinas and pigs are more closely related than baleen whales and toothed whales

• Toothed whales are more closely related to mouse deer then to hippos

• Cows and mouse deer are more cloesly related than javelinas and pigs

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

The limbs of several organisms are shown in the illustrations below. Scientists sometimes compare the limbs of these organisms to look for evidence of common ancestry. ​These limbs provide evidence of common ancestry because they —

• Have the same basic structure

• are the same size

• perform the same function

• are parts of mammals

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Cetaceans are whales and their relatives. The diagram shows some fossils of cetaceans. Which statement provides the best evidence that Ambulocetus natans is an ancestor of Basilosaurus isis?

• Homologous structures occur in each fossil

• similar nitrogenous bases are found in the DNA of each fossil

• the fossils were found in different locations

• the youngest fossil is larger than the older fossils

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

The image shows part of the humerus bone in different genera of primates. ​Which statement is best supported by the observable structures of the different humerus bones?

• the primates lived in similar environments

• the primates interbreed with similar organisms in a population

• the primates shared a common ancestor

• the primates had diets that consisted of similar types of food

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

The graph shows the number of taxa of reptiles whose fossilized tracks have been found. Which statement is best supported by these data?

• competition for food and shelter among reptile species was very low during Triassic period

• a great extinction occured during the Jurassic peroid

• environmental conditions for speciation were most favorable for reptiles during Permian period

• Reptiles adapted to a terrestrial environment during Cretaceous period

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

The diagram shows data on the evolution of horses. ​The data in the diagram is evidence that —

• horses slowly evolved over time

• not all horses evolved from a common ancestor

• horses have a common ancestry with other hooved animals

• a new species suddenly appeared 3 million years ago

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NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Genome maps provide the DNA sequences of chromosomes. Some scientists have compared the genome maps of a hedgehog and a sloth. What do these genome maps allow the scientists to determine?

• the color patterns of the offspring of each species

• the methods of protein synthesis that each species uses

• how much the size ranges of the 2 species differ

• how closely related the 2 species are to each other

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

An analysis of DNA and RNA sequences can be used to classify organisms. A dendrogram, such as the one shown below, is based on molecular data. It can be used to represent evolutionary relationships within a group of organisms that are hypothesized to have descended from a common ancestor.

• lesser pandas are more genetically similar to giant pandas than they are to raccoons

• lesser pandas are more genetically similar to raccoons than they are to giant pandas

• the bear species ar eall genetically similar to dogs than they are to giant pandas

• brown bears are more genetically similar to giant pandas than they are to sun bears

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

Match the vocab terms to their definition. Analogous structure?

• change in a gene pool over time in a population

• Structures are similar in the way they are structured (look the same)

• Structures are similar in function

• evidence of life in the past, it can be found in the ground fossilized

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

According to this cladogram, what characteristics do prosimians have in common with humans? Check all that apply

• vertebrate (spine)

• hair

• eukaryotic

• endothermic

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NGSS.MS-LS4-2