Module 14 & 15 Review

The interaction between biological influences, psychological influences, and socio-cultural influences on our behavior is known as

• evolutionary psychology.

• epigenetics.

• the biopsychosocial approach.

• consciousness.

• natural selection.

Which of the following is true regarding the initiation of sexual activity?

• Men are more likely to initiate sexual activity than women.

• Women are more likely to initiate sexual activity.

• The initiation of sexual activity for both men and women correlates with how many television sitcoms they viewed as children.

• Men and women are equally likely to initiate sexual activity.

• Who initiates sexual activity is largely determined by culture.

Epigenetics might best explain which of the following?

• Tobi and Natalie are fraternal twins; both have the same IQ score.

• Nico and Kris, two siblings, have the same shoe size.

• Lisa and Eloisa are identical twins; only one develops schizophrenia.

• Tom and Ken are identical twins; both develop schizophrenia.

• Patrick and Patricia, two siblings, have very different levels of musical talent.

Why do researchers use adoption studies in an effort to reveal genetic influences on personality?

• To compare adopted children nonadopted children

• To study the effect of prior neglect on adopted children

• To study the effect of a child's age at adoption

• To evaluate whether adopted children more closely resemble their adoptive parents or their biological parents

• To consider the effects of adoption on a child's manners and values

What is the study of how the structure and function of genes interact with our environment to influence behavior called?

• Molecular behavior genetics

• Evolutionary psychology

• Biopsychosocialism

• Heritability

• Natural selection

Heritability refers to the percentage of what?

• Group variation in a trait that can be explained by environment

• Traits shared by identical twins

• Traits shared by fraternal twins

• Traits shared by adopted children and their birth parents

• Variation in a trait across individuals that can be explained by genetics

Why do researchers find the study of fraternal twins important?

• They share similar environment and the same genetic code.

• Data collected concerning their similarities is necessary for calculating heritability.

• They are the same age and are usually raised in the same environment, but they do not have the same genetic code.

• Results allow us to determine exactly how disorders ranging from heart disease to schizophrenia are inherited.

• They are typically raised in less similar environment than nontwin siblings.

What was one of the major findings of Thomas Bouchard's study of twins?

• It demonstrated that peer influence is more important than parental influence in development of personality traits.

• It provided that the influence of parental environment becomes more and more important as children grow into adults.

• He discovered striking similarities between adult identical twins who had been separated near birth.

• Fraternal twins shared almost as much similarity as identical twins when they reached adulthood.

• It provided evidence that heritability is less important than researchers previously suspected.

What is one of the major criticisms of the evolutionary perspectives in psychology?

• It analyzes after the fact using hindsight.

• It attempts to extend a biological theory into a psychological realm.

• There is very little evidence to support it.

• It has not been around long enough to stand the test of time.

• It seems to apply to certain cultures but not in others.

Evolutionary psychology seeks to understand how traits and behavioral tendencies have been shaped by what?

• genes

• natural selection

• prenatal nutrition

• DNA

• Society