Unit 4 Thermal Energy Review Amplify

. Four people are putting their laptop computers away. Lucy puts her laptop on Sam’s laptop, and Aaron puts his laptop on Odessa’s laptop. The diagram shows the laptops before they touch each other. Use the information in the diagram to answer the question. After the laptops have been touching for a while, will Sam’s laptop or Odessa’s laptop be cooler, and why

• Odessa’s laptop will be cooler than Sam’s laptop, because the energy that transferred to Odessa’s was spread out over more molecules.

• Odessa’s laptop will be cooler than Sam’s laptop, because Odessa’s started with more total energy, so less energy has to transfer for her and Aaron's laptops to reach the same total energy

• Both laptops will be the same temperature, because both Aaron's and Lucy's laptops had the same amount of energy to transfer and the molecules in Sam’s and Odessa’s laptops started with the same energy

• Sam’s laptop will be cooler than Odessa’s laptop, because less energy has to transfer for the molecules of Sam’s laptop to reach the same temperature as the molecules of Aaron's laptop

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After a candle is blown out, the wax of the candle decreases in temperature. What happens to the molecules of the wax when the temperature of the wax decreases?

• The wax loses heat molecules.

• The energy of the molecules of the wax increases.

• The cold energy of the molecules of the wax increases.

• The energy of the molecules of the wax decreases.

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. Flori has one bucket of paint outside and one bucket of paint in her garage. Both paint buckets are the same size and have the same number of molecules. She brings the bucket in from outside and is going to stack it on top of the bucket in the garage. The diagram above shows the buckets now, before they touch. Use the information in the diagram to answer the question. How does the temperature of the garage bucket compare with the temperature of the outside bucket before the buckets touch? What will happen after the buckets have been touching for a while

• Before the buckets touch, the garage bucket is hotter than the outside bucket. Once the buckets are touching, the garage bucket will transfer kinetic energy to the molecules in the cooler outside bucket until both buckets reach the same temperature, which will be in between their starting temperatures.

• Before the buckets touch, the garage bucket is cooler than the outside bucket. Once the buckets are touching, the hotter outside bucket will transfer kinetic energy to the molecules in the cooler garage bucket until both buckets reach the same temperature, which will be in between their starting temperatures.

• Before the buckets touch, the garage bucket is hotter than the outside bucket. Once the buckets are touching, the cooler outside bucket will gain kinetic energy until the molecules of both buckets have an energy of 18, because hotter things increase the temperature of cooler things.

• Before the buckets touch, the two buckets are different temperatures. Once the buckets are touching, both kinetic energy and cold energy will transfer between the molecules of the two buckets until both buckets reach the same temperature, which will be in between their starting temperatures.

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Engineers design computers to cool down quickly so they do not break. What happens to the molecules in a computer when the temperature of the computer decreases

• The computer loses heat molecules.

• The cold energy of the molecules in the computer increases.

• The energy of the molecules in the computer increases.

• The energy of the molecules in the computer decreases.

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Bradley pours some iced tea into a glass. When he puts the ice tea in the glass, the energy of the glass decreases. What must be true of the energy of the iced tea?

• The energy of the iced tea stays the same while the energy of the glass decreases.

• The energy of the iced tea decreases while the energy of the glass decreases.

• The energy of the iced tea increases while the energy of the glass decreases

• It is impossible to know without data on the number of molecules in each object.

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Raven cooked a pot of soup, then put half the soup in the freezer for a while. Now the soup in the pot is hot, and the soup in the freezer is cold. What is the difference between the molecules of the soup in the pot and the molecules of the soup in the freezer

• The molecules of the soup in the freezer are smaller than the molecules of the soup in the pot.

• There is no difference because all of the soup is made of the same type of molecules.

• The molecules of the soup in the pot are moving faster than the molecules of the soup in the freezer.

• The molecules of the soup in the pot are moving and the molecules of the soup in the freezer are not moving.

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Mary has two sets of two gears (Set A and Set B) that he is using to build two different machines. He has all the gears laying out separately, as shown in the diagram above. Then he puts the gears into the machines so that the gears in Set A are touching each other and the gears in Set B are touching each other. Use the information in the diagram to answer the question. After the gears have been touching for a while, which of the two bottom gears will be cooler, and why?

• Both gears will be the same temperature, because both of the top gears had the same amount of energy to transfer and the molecules in the bottom gears start with the same energy.

• The larger bottom gear will be cooler than the smaller bottom gear. It started with more total energy, so less energy had to transfer for both gears in Set B to reach the same total energy.

• The larger bottom gear will be cooler than the smaller bottom gear, because the energy that transferred to it was spread out over more molecules.

• The smaller bottom gear will be cooler than the larger bottom gear, because less energy has to transfer for the molecules to reach the same temperature as the molecules of the top gear.

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How will the temperatures of the two top books compare after the books have been touching for a while?

• The top book of Stack 2 will be cooler than the top book in Stack 1.

• The top book in Stack 1 will be cooler than the top book in Stack 2.

• Both stacks of books will be at equilibrium.

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