Session 4: Stress-related signaling/Toxicity

Select the incorrect statement regarding bioactive compounds:

• They are a type of chemical found in small amounts in plants and certain foods (such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, oils, and whole grains).

• They can be included in the diet as a strategy to mitigate mycotoxins absorption and prevent their systemic effects on human and animal health.

• These compounds can be included in food but not in feed.

• They have actions in the body that may promote good health.

Transcriptomics studies variations in:

• Copies of messenger RNA

• DNA sequence

• Protein profile

• Histone methylation

Illumina bases its massive next-generation sequencing (NGS) method on:

• Tagmentation, emulsification and enrichment.

• Tagmentation and solid-phase bridge amplification.

• Fragmentation by nebulization, labeling and platform ribosomes.

• Enzymatic fragmentation, labeling, emulsification and enrichment. 

Which kind of domains are present on VvLYK proteins?

• Coiled-Coiled Nucleotide-Binding Leucine-Rich Repeats (CC-NB-LRR)

• Lysine-Motif Receptor Kinase (LysM-RK)

• Leucine-Rich Repeats Receptor Kinase (LRR-RK)

• Toll-Interleukine Receptor Nucleotide-Binding Leucine-Rich Repeats (TIR-NB-LRR)

Chitin is a polymer of...

• 2-Glucosamine

• N-Methyl-Glucosamine

• N-Acetyl-Glucosamine

• N-Acetyl-Glucaric acid

How many pathways mediate the Unfolded Protein Response in plant cells?

• 1 pathway

• 2 pathways

• 3 pathways

• 4 pathways

The transcription factor bZIP60 is activated by:

• A post-transcriptional Sumoylation

• A protease that releases the active domain

• An unconventional splicing

• A phosphorylation

What is the main difference between LCO and chitin?

• The presence of a nonreductive terminal sugar acylated by fatty acid (FA) chains

• The presence of N-acetyl muramic acid units

• The presence of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)

• None of them

Which signature is specific to the common symbiotic signaling pathway (CSSP)?

• Induction of Ca2+ oscillations (calcium spiking) in the cytoplasm

• Activation of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI)

• Induction of Ca2+ oscillations (calcium spiking) in the nucleus

• Activation of the effector-triggered immunity (ETI)