Land-Based Empires

Which of the following statements best explains why Russian rulers established the Russian Orthodox Church?

• To maintain closer relations with Western Europe

• To adopt the religion of most Russian peasants and nobles

• To unify Russians under the belief that the tsar ruled by divine right

• To maintain closer relations with the Orthodox Church of the Byzantine Empire

Which of the following accurately describes the condition of serfs in Russia before the nineteenth century?

• Most gained middle-class status by paying off their debts

• Most were freed and given lands neighboring those of their lords

• Most were tied to the land and could not move about freely

• The gained new constitutional rights through successful peasant revolts

Which statement best summarizes the religious situation in Mughal India following the rule of Akbar?

• Akbar's syncretic religion remained popular with the people as an alternative to either Hinduism or Islam

• Islamic influence slowly left the region

• Hinduism and Islam continued to coexist uneasily in the area

• Islam in the area was weakened by the fighting between Sunnis and Shias

Which of the following descriptions comparing the Ottoman devshirme system with the Mughal zamindar system is accurate?

• Both systems relied exclusively on officials who inherited their positions

• Both systems represented ways for central governments to recruit local and regional officials

• Both systems depended upon the spoils of war to support the officials

• Both systems included recruitment for the military as well as for local government officials

The growth of Sikhism in Mughal India most closely represents which historical process?

• The expansion of older religions

• The development of new forms of religion

• The spread of Buddhism in Asia

• The spread of religion through conquest

Which of the following methods did China's Ming Dynasty use to improve the organization of its government?

• Reestablished the traditional civil service exam and bureaucracy

• Continued the governmental structures of the Mongol rulers

• Copied the feudal system of Western Europe

• Sent Zheng He to learn about government structures in other countries

Which of the following statements best summarizes the status of women in China during the Qing period?

• Women were considered equal to men according to Confucian principles

• Women were given more power than traditionally in China because the Manchu society was matriarchal

• Women were granted the right to divorce their husbands and inherit their property

• Women were regarded as inferior to men and could not obtain a formal education

The main intent of the Council of Trent in 1545 was to

• respond to scientific advances made by Copernicus and Galileo

• Promote the reforms to Roman Catholicism called for by Luther and Calvin

• Support a strict behavioral code endorsed by Calvinists

• It was an attempt during the Catholic Reformation to respond to Protestantism

System under the Ottomans that gave Jews and Christians limited authority to address their own matters

• Millet system

• Janissary system

• Common law

• 10 commandments

Tax created by Muslims that only Jews and Christians and to pay for protection

• Devshemire

• Jizya

• Sharia

• Income tax