Enlightenment Era Review

What idea of the Enlightenment is most closely associated with the philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau?

• Separation of powers

• The social contract

• Freedom of speech

• Freedom of religion

One of the most significant changes of the Scientific Revolution was that individuals began to believe the world was best understood through what?

• imagination

• direct observation

• the teachings of Aristotle

• a geocentric view of the universe

Which of the following innovations of the Scientific Revolution made it possible for scientists to practice direct observation?

• Da Vinci’s flying machine

• the sundial

• the telescope and microscope

• the printing press

Isaac Newton’s Law of Gravitation explained all motion in the universe by stating what?

• The planets revolve around the sun in oval-shaped orbits

• All objects are attracted to one another based on mass/size

• All objects repel each other

• The Earth was the center of the universes

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness"

• Thomas Paine

• Voltaire

• Miguel de Cervantes

• John Locke

The 1st Amendment to the U.S.Constitution guarantees all citizens the freedoms of speech, religion, petition, and assembly. Which philosopher are these ideas most closely related to?

• Francis Bacon

• Mary Wollstonecraf

• Voltaire

• Montesquieu

Why did the ideologies of the 19th Century become more secular?

• People looked increasingly to science for answers rather than to faith

• People believed in progress as demonstrated by the Industrial Revolution

• People lost faith in the ideals of romanticism

• Scientific discoveries led to stronger religious beliefs

Because scholarship was considered the exclusive domain of men, female scientists often had to do what?

• marry before pursuing a career

• own land in order to conduct research

• have children before pursuing a career

• publish their work anonymously

Mary Wollstonecraft’s ideas about the rights of women were based on what?

• women’s need to live in the same conditions as men

• the idea that women have reason, like men

• the unfairness of women not having the same wages as men

• the government’s unfair ideas about natural rights

Which idea of Baron Montesquieu has been incorporated into the U.S. Constitution?

• Social contract

• Economic laissez-faire

• Religious tolerance

• Separation of government powers