Cell communication

Match the following terms with their definition?

• a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through molecules, resulting in cellular response

• Paracrine signaling

• A cell target a nearby cell

• Endocrine signaling

• A cell target itself

• Autocrine signaling

• A cell target a distance cell through the bloodstream

• Signaling transduction

Q2: When a cell releases a signal molecule into the environment and a number of cells in the immediate vicinity respond, this type of signaling is:

• Autocrine signaling

• Paracrine signaling

• Endocrine signaling

• Synaptic signaling

Q4: Which type of enzyme takes part in this process?

• protein phosphatase

• protein hydrolyase

• protein synthase

• protein kinase

Q5: What are the three stages of cell signaling?

• Reception

• Transduction

• Transcription

• Response

• Translation

What are receptors?

• Catalyst

• Enzymes

• Proteins

• Lipids

Phosphorylation cascades involving a series of protein kinases are useful for cellular signal transduction because:

• they are species specific

• they always lead to the same cellular response

• they amplify the original signal manyfold

• they counter the harmful effects of phosphatases

Synaptic signaling between adjacent neurons is like hormone signaling in which of the following ways?

• It sends its signal molecules through the blood.

• It sends its signal molecules quite a distance.

• It requires calcium ions.

• It requires binding of a signaling molecule to a receptor.

To respond to a signal, a cell must have a(n) ________ molecule that can detect the signal.

• paracrine

• hormone

• autocrine

• receptor

Which of the following types of chemical signals is secreted in the blood and travels long distances to its target.

• Acetylcholine

• Estrogen

• Cytokinesis

• Target proteins