Practice: Nationalism

The Congress of Vienna, Metternich, and Bismarck are all examples of which political theory?

• Liberalism

• Conservatism

• Nationalism

• Patriotism

Answer explanation

Conservatism (19th century) prioritizes a strong monarchy and state religion. The Congress of Vienna promoted the return of monarchy to France, and Metternich/Bismarck were both involved in this process.

Which Empires began to break apart during Nationalism? Select all that apply.

• Ottoman

• French

• German

• Austrian

• Austrian

Answer explanation

The Ottoman and Austrian empires were multi-lingual and multi-ethnic, so they struggled to maintain unity in a time of Nationalism. The Ottoman Empire conceded the independence of Greece and Serbia.

Bismarck's kulturkampf is an example of which of the following?

• Negative Integration

• Positive Integration

• Prejudice

• Religious Tolerance

Answer explanation

Kulturkampf was a policy where Bismarck tried to discriminate against Catholics as a means of uniting Germany. This is a type of negative integration. It didn't work because there existed a policy of religious toleration in the German Confederation.

The Congress of Vienna was formed in response to what?

• British Industrialism

• German Unification

• Napoleonic Wars

• Italian Nationalism

Answer explanation

The Congress of Vienna was formed in response to Napoleon's conquests as part of the Treaty of Amiens

Which of the following were outcomes of the Congress of Vienna? Select all that apply.

• Restoration of Monarchy in France

• Russia acquired Polish territory

• A new "Balance of Power" emerged in Europe

• The "Concert of Europe" created continental stability

During the Meiji Restoration, what were the goals of the new government? Select all that apply.

• National Identity

• Material Strength

• National Security

• Westernization

Answer explanation

While they sent people out on "learning missions" to discover more about Europe/America, they were focused on National Identity (Constitution), Material Strength (Industry/Economy), and National Security (Military Reform).

True or False: Japan was forced to Westernize.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

Japan chose to learn from Western cultures and adopt some of their ideas.

Which of the following are examples of Nationalist Movements? Select all that apply.

• Perestroika

• Kokutai

• Risorgimento

• Fraternite

Answer explanation

Kokutai is an example of Japanese "National Essence".

"Risorgimento" is the Italian political and cultural movement towards unity.

Fraternite is one of the goals of the French Revolution, and Perestroika was how the USSR restructured the economy during the Cold War.

What is Neoconservatism?

• When the Prussian Parliament and monarchy agreed on central policies.

• When Britain's political spectrum shifted to the right in the 20th century.

• A form of Conservatism that embraced a secular (not religious) government

• A form of Conservatism that wanted to abolish Monarchy.

Answer explanation

After Bismarck won the Austro-Prussian and Franco-Prussian wars, the Parliament became more Conservative.

Which people are associated with Realpolitik?

• Castlereagh

• Metternich

• Cavour

• Bismarck

Answer explanation

During Italian (Cavour) and German (Bismarck) unification, these politicians played a kind of chess game to unify their countries rather than using sweeping, liberal speeches/ideas.