What cardiac cycle is LA diameter measured?

• end-systole

• end-diastole

• early systole

• early diastole

In severe TR, flow reversal during ventricular systole is usually when pulsed wave doppler is applied in _______________.

Normal pulmonary venous flow pattern, except.

• retrograde flow occurs in systole

• antegrade flow occurs in early diastole

• some retrograde flow occurs after atrial contraction in late diastole

• None of the choices

What is LAA's normal emptying velocity?

• >50 m/s

• >25 m/s

• >50 cm/s

• <50 cm/s

the ____________ can be visualized from the suprasternal notch as a vertical structure just to the right of the aortic arch.

Normal variant found in RV

Patients with right ventricular ________ maintain septal flattening throughout the cardiac cycle, both systole and diastole.