1000 chapter 2 research

Which of the following happens in the third stage of the scientific method? Scientists

• communicate results.

• develop expectations about an observed phenomenon.

• use mathematical tech­niques to interpret results.

• test their hypotheses.

A theory is defined as a

• set of experiments conducted to confirm the results of a scientific study.

• practice that appears to be and claims to be a science, even though it does not use the scientific method to come to conclusions.

• specific, informed, and testable prediction of what kind of outcome should occur under a particular condition.

• set of related assumptions from which testable predictions can be made.

_____ is the consistency of a measurement whereas _____ is the degree to which a test accurately measures what it purports to measure.

• Validity; reliability

• Replication; interpretation

• Interpretation; replication

• Reliability; validity

Which of the following is TRUE about theories?

• Theories, in science, are nothing more than mere guesses.

• Theories organize and explain what we have observed.

• Theories prevent people from making observations.

• Theories cannot explain facts.

A theory is a specific, informed, and testable prediction of what kind of outcome should occur under a particular condition.

• True

• False

________ is defined as the degree to which a test accurately measures what it purports to measure, such as intelligence, and not something else, and the degree to which it predicts real-world outcomes.

• Acceptability

• Reliability

• Replicability

• Validity

________ refers to practices that appear to be and claim to be science, but in fact do not use the scientific method to come to their conclusions.

• Pseudoscience

• Bioscience

• Antiscience

• Ethnoscience

Pseudoscience practitioners make no real advances in knowledge.

• True

• False

The design chosen for a given study depends on the

• subject area being studied.

• assumed answer.

• question being asked.

• types of variables

A variable can be defined as

• anything that changes, or differs, within or between individuals.

• the repetition of a study to confirm results.

• a specific, informed, and testable prediction of an outcome.

• a related assumption from which testable predictions can be made.