ES Chapter 4 Practice Test (Biodiversity and Evolution)

The variety of different ways in which species within an ecosystem perform “jobs” that benefit the ecosystem and make it more resilient in the face of change is called _____.

• ecosystem diversity

• functional diversity

• species diversity

• genetic diversity

• biological diversity

_____ diversity increases the chances that individuals will possess favorable traits needed to survive changing environmental conditions.

• Species

• Ecosystem

• Biome

• Functional

• Genetic

_____ is one ecosystem service that is supported by biodiversity.

• Solar energy

• Species variety

• Pollination

• Medicine

• Fuel

By controlling the spread of vegetation and the balance of certain fish species, the American alligator serve as a(n) _____ in its ecosystem

• keystone species

• indicator species

• endemic species

• invasive species

• exotic species

What term refers to a species that can live in many different places, eat a variety of foods, and often tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions?

• endemic species

• indicator species

• keystone species

• generalist species

• specialist species

A species that can serve as a “biological smoke alarm” regarding damage to its ecosystem is called a(n) _____.

• keystone species

• indicator species

• native species

• nonnative species

• endemic species

A species that originates in an ecosystem and has adapted to conditions there is called a(n) _____.

• native species

• keystone species

• nonnative species

• invasive species

• indicator species

Scientists estimate that the fossils found thus far represent about _____ of all species that have ever lived.

• 1%

• 95%

• 75%

• 50%

• 15%

The process of natural selection favors individuals that _____.

• have experienced many DNA mutations

• can survive existing environmental conditions

• have the most complete ecological niche

• do not have genetic resistance

• leave behind the fewest offspring

Adaptation through natural selection is limited because it requires _____.

• the absence of mutations

• slow rates of reproduction

• low genetic diversity

• genetic traits to exist in a gene pool

• traits that cannot be inherited