What was one of the significant aspects of Muslim domination of North Africa's cities in the 690s?

• Muslims banished outsiders.

• Muslims created a cultural reawakening.

• Muslims made Arabic the region's dominant language.

• Muslims disrupted the region's educational system.

Nubia flourished as a society because of its

• climate.

• geographic location.

• relationship to the Muslim world.

• ties to southern Africa.

Muslim caliphates impacted Africa by

• joining with the Phoenicians to defeat Roman rule in North Africa.

• establishing the gold and salt trade.

• helping to establish a trade network to India and China.

• uniting all of Africa under Islamic rule.

Why did Bantu-speakers migrate south instead of north?

• Desertification created a barrier to the north.

• The Bantu were blocked from the north by outside invaders.

• Bantu culture could not easily assimilate in the north.

• The Bantu had more in common with the peoples living in the south than in the north.

What aspect of Roman civilization allowed Christianity to spread in North Africa?

• its way of life

• its language

• its military prowess

• its expansive economy

The process of ___ devoured thousands of acres of cropland and pastureland in North Africa creating the largest desert in the world

The ____, the largest desert in the world, served as a highway for migration and trade, despite its size and harsh terrain limiting movement

The commodities gold and salt were important to many regions of West Africa because they

• helped create great wealth and vast trade networks that spread new ideas.

• were both vital to health and very rare in the region, which made them valuable.

• were abundant in the region, allowing it to develop self-sufficiently and become wealthy.

• increased trade, bringing in great wealth and spreading new ideas such as Christianity, which became the official religion.

Which statement BEST describes the impact Muslim traders had on Africa?

• Muslim traders kept to themselves and had little impact on African life.

• Muslim traders created tensions between African kingdoms.

• Muslim traders brought Islam and the Arabic language to many places.

• Muslim traders brought political and cultural stability, but only to a few African kingdoms.

Ghana became a wealthy kingdom through trade, and its government

• forced all members of the court to convert to Islam.

• banned all Muslims from serving at court.

• employed Muslims as officials and counselors.

• banned Islam from Ghana society, preferring to maintain local traditions and beliefs.