AP CSP Review Semester 1 (22-23)

Bytes, which are represented by 8 bits, are the units used by computers to represent a character such as a letter or number. The characters in the table are shown with their decimal representations.
Which character, represented in binary as a byte, contains the most zeros?

• C
• K
• .
• p

Sort the following by levels of abstraction, from lowest to highest: 
I. Physical Internet (wires, cables, etc.)
II. HTTP
III. TCP
IV. IP

• I, II, III, IV
• I, III, IV, II
• I, IV, II, III
• I, IV, III, II

Lossless and lossy compression are present in many different file formats  (image, music, video, etc.). The graphic below illustrates how the two  compression formats work. Which of the following statements below is NOT true?

• All lossless compression is based on the idea of breaking a file into a  smaller form for transmission or storage and then being put back together in its entirety.

• Lossy formats are excellent to use when a file must be compressed and  rebuilt to its exact pre-compressed specifications.

• Scanning in a picture creates a lossy format result. The program gives you  its interpretation of the original.

• Moving music onto your digital music player is done in a lossless format  to reduce the size of the file.

Consider an algorithm that simulates rolling two number cubes, Cubel and Cube2,  with the numbers 1-6, and then displays the sum of the two cubes’ values. If  the sum is greater than 10, “Winner!” is also displayed; otherwise, “Loser” is  displayed. Put the steps of the algorithm in order.  
Step 1: Assign random values between 1 and 6 to Cubel.
Step 2: If sum is greater than 10, display “Winner!”.
Step 3: Display sum.
Step 4: If the sum is less than or equal to 10, display “Loser”.
Step 5: Assign random values between 1 and 6 to Cube2.
Step 6: Assign the value of Cubel + Cube2 to sum.

• Step 1, Step 5, Step 4, Step 3, Step 6, Step 2
• Step 5, Step 1, Step 6, Step 3, Step 2, Step 4
• Step 5, Step 1, Step 2, Step 4, Step 6, Step 3
• Step 1, Step 5, Step 3, Step 6, Step 2, Step 4

What is the main purpose of DNS?

• They break large chunks of information into smaller packets.
• They translate URLs into IP addresses.
• They provide a protocol to error check data in transmission.
• They re-arrange data once it has been transmitted across the internet.

Monica is surfing the web one day after class. She types the following web  address, widgets.cs.fbhs.org, into the URL bar in her browser. Which of the  following events is most likely to take place among the DNS servers?

• If the first DNS server does not know the IP address of  widgets.cs.fbhs.org she will not be able to access this website
  
• All DNS servers within a predetermined radius will respond with the IP  address of widgets.cs.fbhs.org.
  
• The DNS servers will send the IP address of widgets.cs.fbhs.org
• The .org domain means that it can’t be handled by DNS so she will have to  use UDP instead of TCP.
  

Without protocols the information sent and received through the Internet would  never reach its intended target and even if it did, the message would be a  jumbled mess. Review the lists below and select the one that correctly lists  each protocol with its function.

• TCP/IP identifies the resource requested with GET and POST.
  DNS relays packet information.
  HTTP translates the name of a web server to a valid IP address.
  
• DNS identifies the resource requested with GET and POST.
  HTTP relays packet information.
  TCP/IP translates the name of a web server to a valid IP address.
  
• TCP/IP identifies the resource requested with GET and POST.
  HTTP relays packet information.
  DNS translates the name of a web server to a valid IP address.
  
• HTTP identifies the resource requested with GET and POST.
  TCP/IP relays packet information.
  DNS translates the name of a web server to a valid IP address.
  

Which of the following protocol standardization is NOT a function of the IETF  (Internet Engineering Task Force)?

• Hypertext Transfer Protocol
• Internet Protocol
• JavaScript Coding Protocol
• Transfer Control Protocol

In computer programming, Protocol is best defined as

• A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices.
  
• Pulling out specific differences to make one solution work for multiple problems.
  
• The time it takes for a bit to travel from its sender to its receiver.
• Transmission capacity measured by bit rate.

iTunes sometimes uses a form of Lossy Compression for audio files. This means –

• The original audio file can be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed  data.
  
• The compressed audio file is an exact copy of the original audio  recording.
  
• The data compression method discarded some data to represent the content,  the original file cannot be completely reconstructed.
  
• The new file is actually larger than the audio file, but often sounds  better.