Foundations Unit 1 Test Review

The European Union (EU) is a loose alliance of independent nation-states where they hold a common currency, the Euro. Which geographic distribution of power best represents this system?   

•  unitary   

• confederation   

• federal   

• Parliamentary 

“In the strict sense of the term, a true (pure) democracy has never existed, and never will exist. It is against natural order that the great number should govern and that the few should be governed.” 

JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU, The Social Contract, Or Principles of Political Right 

 

Based upon the quote above, what type of government does Rousseau believe is ideal?

• Authoritarian government

• Direct democracy 

• Parliamentary democracy 

• Unitary government 

A form of democracy in which citizens elect representatives to make governing decisions on their behalf is a 

• Federal Democracy 

• Direct Democracy 

• Representative Democracy 

• Deliberative democracy 

“They do therefore humbly pray your most excellent Majesty, that no man hereafter be compelled to make or yield any gift, loan, benevolence, tax, or such like charge, without common consent by act of Parliament.” 

 

Charles I of England agreed to the quotation above from the Petition of Right, which

• Denied the right to a trial by jury 

• Protected the barons of England as well as the lower classes 

• Refused to accept scutage in place of military service 

• Stated that taxation was a power held by Parliament 

“. . . that the pretended power of suspending the laws, or the execution of laws, by regal authority, without consent of Parliament is illegal . . . that levying money for or to the use of the Crown . . . without grant of Parliament…is illegal . . . that it is the right of the subjects to petition the king . . . and that prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal . . .”     

 —English Bill of Rights 

Which of the following ideas is embodied in this excerpt? 

• The king needed the consent of Parliament to appoint advisors and ministers. 

• The king needed the consent of Parliament in order to tax people. 

• The king had the power to suspend laws without Parliament’s consent. 

• The king had the right to prosecute illegal petitions protesting royal laws. 

The Magna Carta and the Petition of Right were significant influences on United States constitutional development because they 

• provided suffrage for all men and women 

• placed limits on the powers of the government 

• called for the abolition of slavery 

• supported the development of socialism  

In the image depicted on the book cover of Leviathan, the imagery and title refers to Hobbes’ views regarding

• the push for democracy 

• the “perilous future” of the Age of Revolutions  

• the social contract, which requires democratic participation 

• the state of nature, which is “nasty, brutish, and short” 

… Nor is there liberty if the power of judging is not separate from legislative power and from executive power. If it were joined to legislative power, the power over the life and liberty of the citizens would be arbitrary, for the judge would be the legislator. If it were joined to executive power, the judge could have the force of an oppressor.…  

—Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws 

 

Which principle is best supported by this excerpt? 

• Consent of the Governed 

• Divine Right 

• Separation of Powers 

• Will of the People 

Baron de Montesquieu hoped to 

• prevent tyranny by preventing any single part of government from gaining too much power through checks and balance and 3 branches of government.

• restore authority to monarchies around the world by encouraging revolutions 

• increase corruption of political authority and spread support for authoritarian governments 

• decrease the power of the middle class by limiting their ability to vote 

Which individual suggested the idea that if a government fails to fulfil its purpose, the people have the right to overthrow it? 

• Jean Jacques Rousseau 

• John Locke 

• Thomas Hobbes 

• Baron de Montesquieu