How Is Energy Transferred by Colliding Objects?

What happens when two objects collide?

• Energy is changed into force.

• Energy is transferred from one object to another.

• Energy is created and the objects move faster.

• Energy is destroyed and the objects move slower.

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Which of the following collisions would cause a still object to move at the speed of the object that hit it?

• a collision of a moving object with a lighter still object

• a collision of a moving object with a heavier still object

• a collision of a moving object with a still object of the same weight

• a collision of a large, light object and a still object that is smaller, heavier

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When two objects of the same weight traveling at different speeds collide head on, both objects

• stop moving.

• change direction and move at a slower speed.

• change direction and move at their original speed.

• bounce backward and travel at their original speed.

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Some of the energy transferred during a collision can produce _________.

• Heat

• Light

• Sound

• All of the above

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Scientists cannot predict what would happen when objects collide if

• light were not conserved.

• energy were not conserved.

• speed affected the amount of energy.

• weight affected the amount of energy.

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While playing with toy cars, Kirsten and Luca each push a car toward the center of the room. What happens when the toy cars collide, as shown in the photograph below?

• Energy is lost.

• Energy is gained.

• Energy is unchanged.

• Energy is transferred.

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In the image below, Jonah is about to kick the football. Which of the following BEST explains how Jonah can tell that energy transfers from his foot to the ball during the collision?

• The ball does not move.

• The speed of the ball changes.

• The weight of the ball changes.

• The weight and speed of the ball change.

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While playing soccer after school, Graciela (on the left) and Henry (on the right) both kick the ball at the same same. Graciela kicks the ball harder than Henry kicks the ball. Look at the bottom diagram. What happens to Henry’s ball? Use evidence in the diagram.

• It does not return to Henry.

• It returns to Henry at the same speed.

• It returns to Henry at a faster speed.

• It returns to Henry at a slower speed.

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Look at the photograph of Marisol hitting a golf ball with a golf club. Just as the photo was taken, the photographer heard a loud sound. Which BEST explains why the photographer heard a sound during the collision?

• The motion of the ball changed.

• The motion of the club changed.

• Some of the energy transferred to the ball.

• Some of the energy transferred to the air.

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On Saturdays, Imogen plays in a bowling league. She wanted to see which bowling ball worked best for her to get the most pins down. She decided to set up an investigation where she tried several different balls. First, Imogen weighed each ball. Then, she threw each ball in the same manner down the lane to hit the pins. She did two trials. She recorded her data and observations in the tables below. Based on evidence in the two trials, which ball knocked down the FEWEST pins?

• Red ball

• Green ball

• Blue ball

• Black ball

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