ES3 Lessons 1-4 Review

Analyze the map to answer the following question.

How do patterns in earthquake data compare to the patterns in volcanic data? Select all that apply.

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• The shallow parts of the ocean had the most earthquakes and volcanoes.

• Some islands have both volcanoes and earthquakes. 

• Earthquakes and volcanoes overlap in some places. 

• Earthquakes are far more common than volcanoes and are especially frequent where there are larger numbers of volcanoes.

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Analyze the map to answer the following question.

Where are the places in the world where the earthquake or volcanic activity does not seem to fit the patterns you identified? Select all that apply.  MS-ESS2-2 MS-ESS3-2

• There are many earthquakes and some volcanoes that occur in the middle of the ocean and in the center of Europe.

• There are earthquakes but no volcanoes in Australia.

• There are several volcanoes in northern Africa but very few earthquakes.

• South America has more volcanoes than earthquakes.

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Knowing that earthquake and volcanic activity help us to see where the edges of plates are located, what can we conclude about plates based on the patterns we have seen so far?  Select all that apply.

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• There are many plates of different shapes and sizes that make up the Earth’s surface.

• The plates are defined by the continents. The continent boundaries are the plate boundaries.

• Continents do not define plates - both continent and ocean can be a part of a plate.

• There are many wide gaps or spaces between the plates.

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What can you conclude based on the patterns you observed across all of the maps you have analyzed? Select all that apply.

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• Plate boundaries (dark black lines) are associated with areas of high volcanic and earthquake activity. 

• Volcanoes only happen on land.

• The areas of high elevations are aligned to plate boundaries in some locations and not in others.

• There is very little evidence of a pattern of earthquake and volcanic activity.

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Wegener claimed that the continents were once one large landmass that he called Pangaea. Which of the following choices did Wegner give as evidence for continental drift?

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• Fit of continents, rock sequence, glacial evidence

• Identical fossil species on different continents (both plant and animal), Antarctic climate changes

• Sea-floor spreading, mid-ocean ridge, and trenches

• a and b only

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Wegener also claimed that the continents moved over time to where they currently sit. Given the evidence for Pangaea, why was his theory of continental drift NOT widely accepted?

• He didn’t have enough evidence.

• People didn’t believe that fossils were once living organisms.

• Wegener was not able to explain how the continents could have moved. 

• People knew that large pieces of rock do not move on their own.

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Which of the following phenomena support the theory of Continental Drift and Pangaea? Select all that apply. 

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• The same animal fossils have been found on either side of the Atlantic Ocean.

• The same fossil fern plant has been found in South America, India, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, and Madagascar.

• There are volcanic mountain chains on the West coast of South America.

• The rocks from Africa line up perfectly with South America.

• The puzzle-like fit of South America and Africa.

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 Deep within the Earth’s rock layers, the conditions are very hot. Where does the heat come from? MS-ESS2-1

• The heat is absorbed into Earth from the sun’s rays.

• The heat comes from the friction of the plates moving.

• The heat comes from volcanoes.

• The heat deep within the Earth comes from the Earth’s core.

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What do we know about plates that would be important to include when constructing a model to explain what they are?

Select all that apply.

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• No plate is bigger than a mountain range.

• plates are different shapes and sizes.

• plates are either made of continents or of oceans.

• plates cover Earth’s entire surface with no significant gaps.plates are huge, flat, rigid slabs of rock that independently move on the surface of Earth.

• plates are huge, flat, rigid slabs of rock that independently move on the surface of Earth.

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 In your classroom model, the water represented the convecting and fluid mantle of the Earth. What did the pieces of cardboard represent?

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• The cardboard pieces were the floating plates. 

• The cardboard pieces were continents and oceans.

• The cardboard pieces were islands that are in the ocean.

• The cardboard pieces were Pangaea.