IB Sports Science - Nutrition

Identify C6H12O6.

• Polysaccharides

• Protein

• Glucose

• Aminoacid

State the smallest chemical unit of proteins and what it is made of.

Answer explanation

Amino acids

Made up of:Carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, and hydrogen atoms

Distinguish between an essential and a non-essential amino acid.

Answer explanation

Essential Amino-acids: CANNOT BE SYNTHESIS by the human body and must be obtained by diet

Non-essential Amino-acids:

CAN BE SYNTHESIZED by the human body

Outline what is meant by the term glycogenolysis.

• The process of breaking down proteins

• The conversion of glycogen to glucose

• The process of converting lactic acid into ATP

• The conversion of Glucose into 38 ATP molecules

State the two main sites for glycogen storage in the human body.

• Muscles: to quickly remove lactic acid

• Liver: supplies glucose to all organs

• Muscles: supplies glucose to all muscles

• Pancreas: supplies glucose to all organs

Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.

Answer explanation

Saturated Fats:

- Solids at room temperature.

- Should not exceed more than 10% of our daily diet.

Ex: criso, bacon grease, and solid butter sticks

Unsaturated Fats:

- Liquid at room temperature.

Ex: oils

State the functions of fat stored in adipose tissue.

• Stored fat provides energy to muscles contraction while performing aerobic exercise for a short period of time

• Stored fat provides energy when energy supply is not immediately available from the glycogen pools.

• Stored fat provides enzymes to produce hormones and enzymes

• Stored fat provides energy to the neural system to cope with our daily demands

Distinguish between dietary recommendations and dietary guidelines.

Answer explanation

Dietary Recommendations:

are set standards for why's constitutes and adequate intake of essential nutrients to promote health.

Dietary guidelines:

Targets foods, food groups or meals and are set by a country to guide it's people towards a heathy balanced diet

Outline the terms metabolism

• The chemical process that organisms produce energy

• The chemical process of energy and respiration

• The process of living organisms to produce food

• The chemical process in living organisms required for the maintenance of life

Outline the terms anabolism.

• The constructive phase of metabolism where smaller molecules are converted to larger molecules

• The deconstructive phase of metabolism where larger molecules are converted to smaller molecules