history bell ringer 36 - 42

He was a diplomat, soldier, and politician. He was the main writer of the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights, as well as many of the Federalist Papers. He was Secretary of State from 1801-1809, and he was our fourth President, from 1809-1817.

• James Madison

• James Otis Jr.

• George Washington

• Nathan Hale

He was a lawyer, writer and legislator. As a lawyer, he argued against the use of Writs of Assistance in the case, Paxton v. Gray. He wrote a pamphlet, “Rights of the British Colonies” in 1764, and he argued that it was unconstitutional for England to tax the colonies, creating the slogan, “no taxation without representation.”

• James Madison

• George Washington

• James Otis Jr.

• Marquis de Lafayette

He was a land surveyor, soldier and statesman. He commanded the Continental Army and won the American Revolution. He became our 1st President (1789-1797), and is known as the “Father of our country”. He remains the only President elected with a unanimous vote in the electoral college.

• George Washington

• Marquis de Lafayette

• Benedict Arnold

• Bernardo de Galvez

He was a school teacher before the Revolutionary War, then he was a Captain in the Continental Army. He volunteered for a spying mission in New York City, was captured, and then hanged by the British. He is reported to have stated, “I only regret, that I have but one life to lose for my country”.

• Benedict Arnold

• Nathan Hale

• George Washington

• Marquis de Lafayette

He was an American merchant, then joined the Continental Army. He was a hero at the battles of Saratoga and Fort Stanwix, defeating British General Burgoyne. He became the biggest traitor in U.S. history, when he tried to sell the fortification plan for West Point to the British. He then switched sides and became a general in the British Army.

• Benedict Arnold

• Nathan Hale

• Marquis de Lafayette

• Bernardo de Galvez

He was a French noble who joined the revolution, and was given the rank of major general by the Continental Congress. He helped secure French assistance in our cause. He served in many battles including at Yorktown, and he is viewed as a national hero.

• Marquis de Lafayette

• Bernarde de Galvez

• George Washington

• James Madison

He was a Spanish military officer and Governor of Louisiana. He traded with the Patriots and allowed them to use the Mississippi River during the Revolution. He is one of only eight people to be given honorary U.S. citizenship.

• Marquis de Lafayette

• Bernardo de Galvez

• James Madison

• George Washington