Genetic Lecture 11 Hybrid

Understanding Seed Industry

Uniqueness of Seed

• As a raw materials in the industry

• As propagation & primary tool for crop improvement

• The starting point of food supply chain.

• Seed is a small tiny object produced by a plant, that capable of developing into another plant.

Importance of seed industry

• Seed supplies staple food

• As propagation & primary tool for crop improvement

• As feed for animals

• As a source of oil

• As a raw materials in the industry

Global population size & annual growth rate: estimates, 1950-2022, and (a)   with 95 per cent prediction intervals

One of the major trends which have influenced the seeds market to increase, significant increase in global population coupled with the (a)   worldwide.

The 17 Sustainable Development Goals "As the world population continues to grow, much more effort and innovation will be urgently needed in order to sustainably increase agricultural production. (a)   (seeds) are key inputs into food production and critical in ensuring food security and good nutrition for all.

Importance of Seed Production except

• Availability of superior varieties to masses

• Seeds have high germination status

• Maintenance of genetic purity

• Multiplication of Superior Varieties

• Production of genetically pure and good quality pedigree seed.

Changing Phase in Seed Industry except

• • The Era of Farmer ‘s Farm saved seeds (OP)

• • The Era of Of of Selected Seeds (OP)

• • The Era Hybrid Seeds( F1)

• • The Era of High-tech and Bio-tech approach

• • The Era of High-tech

Type of Seed

Open Pollinated Seed

• Normal

• Open Field Pollinated Hybrid

• Selected

• Hand Pollination Hybrid

F1 Hybrid Seed

• Normal

• Hand Pollination Hybrid

• Open Field Pollinated Hybrid

• Selected

Breeding Process

Plant breeders improve plants by selecting (a)   with key characteristics, crossing them and selecting the very best outcomes from subsequent generations.

It takes up to 10-15 years to develop and test a new plant variety, depending on the species. It can be an expensive process, seed companies spend 10-20% of their revenue each year on research and development.