AP Government: Chapter 9.3 Reading Check

The Civil Rights Act of 1957 was sponsored by Senator Lyndon Johnson and was the:

• only legislation to try to help African Americans

• driving force for protests against segregation.

• first proposed legislation to pass since Reconstruction

• reason why segregation ended

Many protesters would practice civil disobedience, which is the:

• demand for a change in society

• decision to march on the state or national capital

• intentional refusal to obey a law to show it is unjust

• intentional protest of a group of people in power

After the arrest of Rosa Parks, a boycott was organized and even African American            joined the protest.

• churches

• sports teams

• colleges

• high schools

The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) was founded by Martin Luther King Jr. and others in order to:

• raise awareness of the struggles of Christians

• challenge religious injustices

• raise money for those arrested for civil disobedience

• challenge racial segregation and urge civil rights

Because protesting was illegal in Birmingham, Martin Luther King Jr. and other protesters:

• dressed for jail

• prepared quiet protests

• raised money for bail

• picked another city

After Dr. King was arrested, many members of the white clergy in Birmingham:

• supported the protests but urged for no more

• called for police officers to allow free protesting

• asked Dr. King to come and speak at their churches to get more support.

• urged for no more protests and suggested getting the courts involved

In the "Letter from Birmingham Jail," Dr. King called the white clergy that opposed him:

• "uneducated and backwards."

• "men of strong character and grace."

• "men of genuine goodwill."

• "uninspired leaders of sheep."

By creating crisis and confrontation, Dr. King stated that it would force white moderates to decide if racial segregation was

• consistent with American values

• justified because of slavery

• best for their towns and cities

• beneficial for African Americans

In 1960, African American college students began a sit-in campaign by:

• sitting in the doorway of white only buildings

• sitting in the middle of sidewalks to disrupt white businesses

• sitting at restaurant counters reserved for whites only

• sitting by white only water fountains

The harsh treatment of protesters was often broadcast on television for all Americans to see; this led to:

• news organizations censoring content.

• changes in public opinion

• demands for TV content ratings

• counterprotests by the white moderate