Geological Changes

Match the following

• Pangaea

• The name of the single landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago and gave rise to today's continents

• Continental Drift

• The process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor

• sea-floor spreading

• A theory stating that the earth's surface is broken into plates that move.

• Plate Tectonics

• The hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up, and drifted to their present locations

• Mid-ocean ridge

• An underwater mountain chain where new ocean floor is formed

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

Match the following

• Lithosphere

• The process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary.

• Convergent Plate Boundary

• A tectonic plate boundary where two plates collide, come together, or crash into each other.

• Transform Plate Boundary

• A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust.

• Divergent Plate Boundary

• Boundary between tectonic plates in which the two plates move away from each other, and new crust is created between them

• Subduction

• Boundary between two plates that are sliding past each other.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

Match the following

• Core

• Deep valley in the ocean floor that forms along a subduction zone

• Lithosphere

• A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust.

• Mantle

• The layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core.

• Ocean Trench

• a chain of volcanoes formed above a subducting plate, positioned in an arc shape

• Volcanic Arc (Island Arc)

• The central part of the earth below the mantle

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

Match the following

• Compression

• force directed parallel to a surface

• Strain

• Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle

• Viscosity

• deformation of materials in response to stress

• Tension

• A liquid's resistance to flowing

• Shear

• Stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks

Match the following

• P waves

• type of seismic body waves that are Slower and ONLY travel through SOLIDS.

• Surface Waves

• vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake

• Earthquake

• seismic waves that travel along the Earth's surface

• S waves

• The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface.

• Seismic Waves

• Travel the fastest through rock material by causing particles in the rock to move back and forth , or vibrate, in the same direction as the waves are moving.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS4-2

Match the following

• Fault

• A break in the earth's crust

• Focus

• the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake

• Epicenter

• The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

Match the following

• Strike-Slip Fault

• a type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward; caused by compression in the crust

• Reverse Fault

• A molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water on the surface

• Lava

• A type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward; caused by tension in the crust

• Normal Fault

• A molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle

• Magma

• a type of fault where rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up or down motion

Match the following

• Volcano

• A weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the surface

• Composite Volcano

• a wide, gently sloping mountain made of layers of lava and formed by quiet eruptions

• Hot Spot

• formed from explosive eruptions of pyroclastic material, followed by quieter flows of lava; have broad bases and sides that get steeper toward the top

• Shield Volcano

• a volcanically active area of Earth's surface far from a tectonic plate boundary

• Cinder Cone Volcano

• A small, steeply sloped volcano that forms from moderately explosive eruptions of pyroclastic material.